Millennials, also known as generation y or generation y, are the demographic cohort following generation x and preceding generation z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as the start of birth years, and connecting the mid 1990s to the start of the 2000s as the end years of birth, with the generation usually defined as us born from 1981 to 1996. Most millennials are the children of baby boomers and older generation x;[2] millennials are often the parents of the alpha generation.[3] All over the world https://keycodesoftware.com/ younger generations have postponed marriage .[4] millennials are living in a declining world birth rate[5 percent fewer children than their predecessors.[6][seven, eight][9] those in developing countries will continue to account for the bulk of global population growth .[10] in today's world, young people in the 2010s were less likely to have sex compared to their predecessors when films existed at the same age.[11] to the west, they are less religious than their predecessors, but are able to identify the company as spiritual.[12][5] Millenials are called the first global generation and among the first generation to grow up in the age of the internet. [13] the generation is usually characterized by active use and familiarity with the virtual network, mobile devices and social networks,[14] for this reason they are still called digital natives.[15 between the 1990s and 2010s, players from developing countries became even more educated, which contributed to economic growth in these states.[16] millennials around the world have suffered significant economic shocks since they began their professional lives; many found themselves facing increased youth unemployment in their early labor market years after the great recession and experienced another recession this year due to the covid-19 pandemic.[17][18] Members of this demographic are known as millennials, due to the fact that the extremely old of them became adults at the turn of the millennium.[19] authors william strauss and neil howe, famous for creating the strauss-howe theory of generations, are widely known for giving millennials names.[20] they coined the phrase in 1987, around the time children born at the end of the last century entered preschool and the media first identified their supposed connection to the impending new millennium as the high school graduation class of the year 2000. They wrote about this cohort in their books generations: a history of america's future, 1584-2069 (1991)[22] and rise of the millennials: the next great generation (2000)[21] . A month later in 1993, an advertising age editorial introduced the phrase „generation y“ to describe today's teenagers aged 13-19 (born 1974-1980), who at the time were considered distinct from generation x.[23] however, the 1974-1980 cohort was later re-identified by most media sources as the last wave of generation x,[24] and by 2003 ad age had moved their start year of generation y to 1982.[25] as journalist bruce horowitz reports, in 2012, ad age “thrown in the towel, recognizing that millennials are a better name than generation y” [20], and by 2014, the former director of information strategy at ad age told npr: the label of generation y was a placeholder until we learned more about them.”[26] Millenials are sometimes referred to as echo boomers as they are often descendants in the birth rate from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s years, or in the impressive size of their generation in front of the competitors of the boomer generation. In the united states, the peak of the echo boom occurred in august 1990 [31] [27], and the trend of the last century towards smaller families in developed countries continued. Psychologist jean twenge described millennials as „generation me“ in her 2006 book, generation me: why today's young americans are more self-aware, pushy, empowered—and more unhappy than ever before.[34][35] , while in 2013 time magazine ran a cover story called millennials: the me me me generation. Suggested alternative names for this group include net generation,[37] generation 9/11,[38] generation next[39] and the burnout generation[40] American sociologist kathleen shaputis. Called millennials the boomerang generation or the peter pan generation, due to the perceived tendency of participants to delay some rites of passage into adulthood for longer periods than most generations before them. These labels were also a reference to the trend of the members living with our parents longer than previous generations.Kimberly palmer credits the high cost of housing and higher education, as well as the relative affluence of the older generation, as one of the factors driving this trend.[42] questions about clearly defining the fact of what it means to be an adult also influence the discussion about the delay in the transition to adulthood and the emergence of a new stage of life, incipient adulthood. A twelfth year study by professors at brigham young university found that college students were more likely to define „adults“ based on certain personal abilities and traits, but not on the most traditional „rite of passage“ events. Larry nelson pointed out that in previous generations you got married and started a career and you applied it immediately. Today's youth sees that this approach has led to divorces, to people who are dissatisfied with their careers … Most want to get married […] They just want to do anything right without visiting a makeup artist, the same with a personal career. ] Oxford living dictionaries describes a millennial as someone “born between the early 1980s and late 1990s.”[44] the merriam-webster dictionary defines a millennium as “a person born in the 1980s or 1990s.”[45] Jonathan rauch, senior fellow at the brookings institution wrote for the economist this year that „generations are vague concepts“, but the birth cohort from 1981 to 1996 is the „widely accepted“ definition for millennials. Reuters also insists that the widely accepted definition is 1981-1996. Key political, economic, and government factors,” including the september 11 terrorist attacks, the 2003 invasion of iraq, the great recession, and the explosion of the internet. The library of congress explains that generational identification is not becoming an exact science,” let him cite the 1981-1996 pew definition for millennial identification. Various media and statistical organizations have cited the pew definition, including time magazine [50], bbc, [51] the washington post, [52] the new york times, [53] the wall street journal, [54] pbs, [55 ]. The los angeles times[56], the guardian[57], us bureau of labor statistics[58] and statistics canada[59]. The brookings institution defines millennials as passengers born between 1981 and 1996,[60] as does gallup,[61] the federal reserve board,[62] the american psychological association,[63] cbs,[64] and abc australia.[ 65] ] Australian company mccrindle research uses 1980-1994 as the birth years of generation y (millennials).[66] the australian bureau of statistics uses the time span from 1981 to 1995 to find millennials in the 2021 census report.[67] psychologist gene twenge defines millennials as those born between 1980 and 1994.[68] cnn reports that studies more often use 1981-1996 to identify millennials, but sometimes use 1980-2000.[69] although the us census bureau has stated that there is no official date for the foreplay and end of the birth of millennials„[60% and they do not officially list millennials,[71] the 2022 state census submission noted that millennials are „colloquially defined as“ a cohort of , born between 1981 and 1996 using this definition, disaggregated from the survey of fees and filming in programs (sipp).” In europe, the resolution foundation uses the period from 1981 to 2000.[73] sociologist elwood carlson, who describes the generation as the „new boomer,“ identified the years of birth as 1983-2001, based on the post-1983 birth boom and ending with the „political and social challenges“ that arose after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.[74] author neil howe , co-author of strauss-howe's theory of generations, defines millennials as those born between 1982 and 2004. Were identified as „micro-generations“ with parameters from both generations. The names given to these cuspers include xennials, [75] generation catalano, [76] generation oregon trail; [77] zennials [78] and zillennials [79] respectively. Psychologist gene twenge, author of the 2006 book generation me, considers millennials, along with younger gen xers, to be part of that that the page calls „generation me“. Twenge ascribes traits of appeasement and tolerance to millennials, and also describes a sense of driver's license and narcissism, based on npi surveys showing increased narcissism among millennials [quantitatively] compared to previous generations when the data were teenagers and they were over five. 82] psychologist jeffrey arnett of clark university of worcester criticized twenge's research on narcissism among millennials, stating, „i think the porn bunny is very misleading or overinterpreting qualities and i think that's fatal.“ He doubts that the narcissistic personality inventory measures narcissism at all.Arnett says that not only are millennials less narcissistic, but they are also “an exceptionally generous generation that promises to improve the world.”[84] a study published in 2017 in the journal psychological science showed a slight decrease in narcissism among young people since the 1990s.[85][86] Authors william strauss and neil howe argue that every generation has basic documentation, which gives it a specific character with four main archetypes of generations, repeating in a cycle. According to their hypothesis, they predicted that millennials would become more like „civilian“ soldiers g.I. A generation with a strong sense of community both at the urban and global level.[21] strauss and howe attribute seven core traits to millennials: special, protected, confident, team-oriented, ordinary, under pressure, and successful. However, arthur e. Levine, author of when hope and fear collide: a portrait of the modern college student, dismissed these generational images as „stereotypes.“ Moreover, psychologist gene twenge testifies that the claims of strauss and howe are too deterministic, resistant to falsification, not to be supported by rigorous evidence. „Misused to the extent that it is often misunderstood as just another nonsensical buzzword“ because some of the claims made about millennial specs are simplistic, misinterpreted, or silently wrong, which could mean that real distinctions are being lost, and also that “[e]qualitatively important are the similarities between other generations—the attitudes and hesitation that former generations generate are sometimes just as important and surprising.”[88] While it is often said that millennials ignore conventional advertising, in fact they are strongly influenced by it. They are particularly sensitive to calls for transparency, experiences rather than things, and flexibility.[89] Microsoft's 2015 study found that 77% of respondents between the ages of eighteen and 24 responded positively to the statement: “whenever there is anything else that grabs my attention, the first thing i do is reach for my phone,” compared to 10% of citizens aged 65 and over.[90] Intelligence researcher james r. Flynn discovered that in the 1950s, the gap between parent-child vocabulary levels was substantially smaller than at the very beginning of the twenty-first century. Between 1953 and 2006, an adult scored 17.4 on the vocabulary subtest of the wechsler iq test, while the corresponding increase in children was only 4. He argued that some of the reasons for this are the surge of interest in higher education and civilized change. Since the 1950s, the number of americans seeking to graduate from higher education and engaging in cognitive activities has grown significantly. This increased the vocabulary level of the parents. Back in the 1950s, kids used to imitate their parents and adopt their vocabulary. This was almost non-existent at the start of the millennium, when teenagers often developed their own individual subculture and as such used adult vocabulary less frequently in their essays.[91] In a 2009 report, flynn analyzed the results raven's progressive matrices test for fourteen-year-old britons from 1980 to 2008. He discovered that their average iq dropped by more than 2 points during that time. For those in the upper half of the intelligence distribution, the decline was even greater, by six points. This is a clear case of the reversal of the flynn effect, the clear increase in iqs seen in the twentieth century. Flynn suspected that this was due to changes in british youth culture. He also noted that iq gains have been correlated with socioeconomic class in the past, but this is less and less the case.[92] tests on vocabulary i.E. The us social survey (n=29,912 \displaystyle n=29,912) and found that after adjusting for education, the use of complex vocabulary declined between the mid-1970s and mid-2010s worldwide. Levels of education from high school to graduate school. Those with at least a bachelor's degree found themselves face to face with the sharpest possible decline. Thus, the gap between people who did not receive a high school diploma and university graduates narrowed from roughly three to four correct answers in the late-late 1970s to 2.9 in the very early-mid 2010s. Higher education actually does not bring advantages for the development of verbal abilities. For those with only an average vocabulary were more likely to be admitted to college than in the past, and the average score for holders of advanced degrees dropped. There are various explanations for this.The reception of immigrants is professional, many of them have not mastered the english language very optimally, which can reduce the average score in the russian federation 18+. Young people are now much less likely to read for comfort, which reduces their vocabulary levels. On the other hand, at the same hour that the college board reported that sat verbal scores were declining, these bonuses are an imperfect measure of the vocabulary level of a nation as a whole, because demographic the composition of those taking tests has changed also because students are better at passing tests. Sat in the 2010s, and after in the 1970s, and this implies that more of our fellow citizens with disabilities who have passed it are posted. Population aging is inconclusive because the effect is too weak.[93] Cultural identity In a 2007 national endowment for the arts report, the group found american adults read for comfort less frequently than before. In particular, americans between the ages of 15 and 24 spend about two hours watching tv and a total of seven minutes reading. In 2002, only 52% of americans aged 18 to 24 voluntarily read books, compared with 59% in 1992. Reading comprehension skills among american adults of all levels of education declined primarily during the 1990s and early 2000s , especially among those with advanced degrees. According to employers, nearly three-quarters of former college students have „insufficient“ english proficiency. Meanwhile, american tenth graders' reading scores were mediocre, ranking fifteenth out of 31 industrialized countries, and the number of twelveth graders who never read for pleasure doubled to 19%.[94]

Publishers and booksellers have realized that book sales for children over 10 and young adults remain strong. This could be related to the fact that older people were buying books intended for younger people, which inflated the transport market, but also because fewer readers were buying more books. American late-night television among adults aged 18 to 49, the most desirable demographic for advertisers, has declined substantially despite the diversity of content. This is partly due to the availability and demand for streaming services. However, if we allow delayed viewing for three days, the number of views increased for all the best shows. This event undermines the current business model of the television entertainment industry. "If the sky doesn't quite come down in the broadcast tv advertising model, it certainly seems much more ground than it once was," reporter anthony crupi wrote for ad age. Despite a reputation for “killing” many things of value to adults, millennials and generation z nostalgically retain polaroid cameras, vinyl records, embroidery, and home gardening and floriculture, to name but a few. In fact, millennials are the key group behind the vinyl renaissance.[97] however, thanks to the covid-19 pandemic in the early 2020s, some products whose future was in doubt due to the general lack of interest from millennials seem to be resurrecting with higher sales than in previous years, such as canned food. 

A survey conducted by ypulse last year found that taylor swift, beyoncé, the backstreet boys, michael jackson, drake and eminem were the most representative musicians of their generation among seniors aged 27 to 37. (The last two ranked fifth.)[99] After the 2000 american census, millennials took advantage of the opportunity to select more than one racial community in abundance.[100] [101] in 2015, the pew research center conducted a generational identity survey that found that the majority of millennials surveyed dislike the label “millennial.” Millennials have been found to be less likely to identify with the term generation compared to generation x or baby boomers: only 40% of people born between 1981 and 1997 identify as millennials. Pew research found that among older millennials born between 1981 and 1988, 43% personally identified as part of the older generation x demographic, while only 35% identified as millennial. Among young millennials (born 1989–1997), generational identity was not much stronger, with only 45% identifying a company as millennials. It also found that millennials generally preferred to define themselves in more negative terms, such as self-centeredness, extravagance, or greed.At rutgers and the author of diverse millennial students at the university: implications for executives and youth, considers how a good number of the comments about the millennial generation happen to be partially true but too general, and that some of the traits they describe are inherently “ white, wealthy teenagers who achieve great things when they grow up in the suburbs, who face the excitement of applying to super-selective colleges, and who can easily handle multiple tasks while their helicopter parents soothingly fly over them.” During class discussions, bonner listened to black and hispanic students describe how some or all of the so-called core traits did not apply to them. Other socioeconomic groups sometimes do not have the characteristics commonly attributed to millennials. “It’s not that many different parents don’t want to be called their favorite children for special ones,” he says, “however, they often don’t have the social and cultural capital, time, and resources for this.”[87] University of michigan's „monitoring the future“ high school student study (on a 7-24 schedule since 1975) and ucla higher education research institute's analysis of american freshmen among prospective students since 1966. , Showed an increase in the proportion of students who consider wealth an extremely important attribute, from 45% for baby boomers (polls between 1967 and 1985) to 70% for representatives of generation x and 75% for millennials. The percentage of girls who said it was important to stay up to date with big news fell from 50% among baby boomers to 39% among gen xers and 35% among millennials. The notion of “developing a meaningful philosophy of life” has drastically declined from generation to generation, from 73% for boomers to 45% for millennials. Willingness to film in an environmental cleanup app has dropped from 33% among baby boomers to 21% among millennials.[103] Generally also in other countries political scientist shirley le penn argues that for millennials, “the desire for a sense of belonging becomes a means of achieving a sense of being needed… millennials feel a sense of belonging, seeking to influence relationships between people.” [104] psychologist-educator elsa venter considers millennials to be digital natives, because these drugs have grown digital technology and know these flies almost completely for their lives. Prensky introduced the concept of „digital natives“, because the adherents of this generation are „carriers of the digital language of computers, video games and the network.“ Older adepts of this generation use a combination of face-to-face contact and computer communication, while younger adepts use mostly automated and digital technologies for interpersonal communication.[106] 2013 survey. Nearly a thousand britons aged 18 to 24 found that 62% had a positive view of the british broadcasting corporation (bbc) and 70% were proud of their national history. A new year study found that almost half of britons aged 18 to 34 attended live music concerts in the previous year.[108] Computer games and computer culture have led to a decrease in reading books. The trend of teachers now to „teach by exam“ has also led to a decline in the ability to think outside the box. Richard house, university of roehampton[92] Faced with the brunt of the great recession millennials in europe were pessimistic about the future development of their countries, although there were significant differences among them, as the pew research center test lab found in 2014. Millennials from relatively healthy economies like germany and the uk were happier with rules and regulations than their counterparts from struggling economies like spain, italy and greece. On the other hand, younger people were more optimistic than older people.[109] Millenials are coming of age at a time when the entertainment industry began to become dependent on the internet.[ 110][111] [112] using artificial intelligence, joan serra and his team at the spanish national research council studied the vast abundance of “million songs” data and found that between 1955 and 2010, popular music was getting louder and the chords, compositions, and types of sounds used were getting louder. More and more homogeneous. .[113][114] indeed, the producers seem to be winning the „volume war“ in an effort to attract more and more, and over the audience. Serra and his colleagues wrote: „…An old melody with a slightly more simple chord progression, a new sonority of instruments that was in line with current trends and recorded with cutting-edge technology that allows you to increase the volume level, can be easily perceived in full force, fashionable and innovative. [114] [116] while the music industry has long been accused of releasing louder, softer songs, this is the first time the quality of songs has been comprehensively studied and measured. [113] additional experiments have shown that in the last few decades, the popular tune has become slower; that most of the listeners, constantly on the road, old, preferred retro songs to new ones; that the language of popular melodies became psychologically more common, and that the lyrics became more elementary and more often repeated, approaching sheets from the original word, which can be measured by observing how well lossless compression algorithms (the list of which includes the lz algorithm) cope with them. 116] There are inevitably people these days who refuse to submit to the dominant culture and are willing to do just the opposite; over time, anticonformists will become more homogenous with respect to their own subculture, which will make their behavior contrary to any claims of the counterculture. This sync occurs even if more than 2 options are available, such as multiple beard styles, rather than having or not having a beard. Mathematician jonathan tubul of brandeis university, who studies how the dissemination of information in society always affects human behavior, calls this the hipster effect. Operas characterized by melodramatic plots that focus on interpersonal relationships and affordable production costs have been on the decline since the 1990s. Experts believe this is due to their inability to attract younger audiences, the current viewers' trend towards shorter attention spans, and the rise of reality tv shows in the 1990s. After all, online streaming services offer articles in serial format, a legacy of soap operas.[119] however, the on-demand availability of such sites meant that sitcoms would never again become the cultural phenomenon that the instrument was in the 20th century, especially among the younger generation, not least as cliffhangers could no longer capture viewers' imaginations. That's how they did it, when tv shows were made available on schedule, not on demand.[120] Chinese millennials are usually labeled the generations after the 80s and then the 90s. At a 2015 conference in shanghai hosted by the american-chinese institute of the university of southern california, millennials in the dprk are well researched and compared with american millennials. Findings included millennial preferences for marriage, childbearing and parenting, life and career development needs, but also attitudes towards volunteering and activism.[121] due to the policy of one of your children introduced in the late 1970s, only-child households became the norm in china, resulting in a rapidly aging population, especially in places where the cost of living is much higher than in rugged country .[122] There is a serious gender imbalance in china and india as a result of cultural ideals, government programs and modern medicine. According to the un, there were 112 chinese men between the ages of 15 and 29 for every 100 women of this generation this year. In india, such a fact, the number was 111. In china there were a total of 34 million extra men, but in india - 37 million, more than the entire population of malaysia. This disparity is fueling epidemics of loneliness, human trafficking (from outside asia such as cambodia and vietnam) and prostitution, among other social problems.[123] Singapore's birth rate has fallen below the replacement rate 2.1 from the 1980s to stabilization throughout the 2000s and 2010s.[124] (in 2018, it hit 1.14, the most loyal figure since 2010 and the top of the world's most sought-after gains.[125]) government incentives, such as the child allowance, have not been enough to raise the birth rate. Singapore's experience is similar to that of japan and south korea.[124] The median age in vietnam was 26 times last year and continues to rise. Between the 1970s and the late 2010s, life expectancy rose from 60 to 76 years[126]. In the current realities, this is the second position in asia. The birth rate in vietnam fell from five in 1980 to three.55 in 1990, and finally to 1.95 in 2017 in the same year, 23% of the vietnamese population were mature persons 10-20 years of age and younger, according to compared with almost 40% in 1989[127]. Similar demographic trends have been observed in other fast-growing countries in southeast asia, such as the philippines.[128] – Population pyramids of india, china – and singapore in 2016 from about 1750 to mortality to low birth and death rates. By the late 1960s and 1970s, the average woman had fewer than two rising generations, and although demographers at first expected a „correction“, such a recovery occurred only in a number of countries. Despite a jump in the total fertility rate (tfr) in some western countries at the very end of the past century (the 1980s and 1990s, especially in france and scandinavia, it returned to the replacement level only in sweden (having reached a tfr of 2.14 in 1990, compared to day one,68 in 1980)[129], along with ireland[130] and iceland[131]; sweden's growth has generally gone hand in hand with an improvement in the economic collective and generous, far ongoing family benefits provided by the scandinavian social security system,[132] while in france it was mainly driven by older women realizing their plans for motherhood.In sweden, the increase in the birth rate was accompanied by an increase in the birth rate (from 11.7 in 1980 to 14%,7).5 in 1990)[133], which slowed down and then stopped for a short period the aging of the swedish population[134] caused by the decline in the birth rate in the late 1970s and early 1980s. To this day in france and sweden the birth rate is still higher than in most countries of the european part and for 2010 they have almost reached the replacement level (2.03[135] and 1.98[133] respectively). First, the decline in fertility can be attributed to urbanization and declining infant mortality, which reduced the benefits and increased the costs of raising children. In other words, as the economist gary becker argued, it has become more economically feasible to invest significant financial costs in fewer children. (This is the first demographic transition.) The fall in the birth rate was the result of a change in attitudes. By the 1960s, people began to shift from classical and communal values to more expressive and individualistic views due to higher education and the pursuit of a diploma, and also through the spread of lifestyle values, which at one time were practiced only by a tiny minority of the cultural elite. . (This is the second demographic transition.) Although the important cultural changes of the 1960s leveled off by the 1990s, the social and cultural environment of the end of the 20th century was very different from that of the 1950s. These changes in values had a profound effect on fertility. In the countries of the european economic group in the period from 1960 to 1985, there was not only a steady increase in the number of divorces and out-of-wedlock births, but also a decrease in the birth rate. In 1981, a survey of the industrialized world showed that despite the fact that more than half of people aged 65 years and older believed that women needed children for self-fulfillment, only 35% of citizens aged 15 to 24 years (younger babies) boomers and older) generation x) agreed.[5] at the dawn of the 1980s, the gdr, west germany, denmark and the channel islands had some of the mostmost wantedmost neededmost commonmost famousmost famous low birth rates in the world.[136] Early twenty-first century europe is experiencing an aging population. This problem is especially acute in eastern europe, while in western europe it is mitigated by international immigration. In addition, an increasing number of children born in european countries are born to non-european parents. Since the children of immigrants in the old world tend to be as religious as themselves, this could slow the decline of religion (or the rise of secularism) on the continent sooner or later in the twenty-first century.[137] in the united kingdom, european-born residents accounted for 6% of the population in 1991. Subsequently, immigration increased sharply and has not decreased since then (as of 2018). Studies by demographers and political scientists eric kaufman, roger eatwell and matthew goodwin prove that such rapid ethno-demographic change is one of the central causes of public backlash like national populism in wealthy liberal democracies, an example of which is the referendum on the united kingdom's membership in the european union (brexit) in our time.[138] Italy is a country where the problem of population aging is particularly acute. The birth rate fell from about four in the 1960s to 1.2 in the 2010s. It's not because young italians don't want to breed. On the contrary, having many children is the italian ideal. However, since the great recession of 2007-2008, its economy has faltered, with youth unemployment rates reaching a staggering 35% in 2019.Many italians have gone abroad - 150,000 users in the past and many of them are the younger generation looking for educational and economic opportunities. With the annual fall in the number of births, the population of italy is expected to decline in the next 4.5 years. More, baby boomers are retiring in large numbers, and their number dwarfs the number of young people caring for them. Only in japan is the age structure more geared toward older people.[139] Greece is also experiencing a major demographic challenge, with many young people leaving the country in search of better prospects elsewhere. Great recession. This brain drain and high-profile aging of the population will further lead to a catastrophe for the country. 24% of the population, with all this, the maximum value for poland was 28%, and for italy - 19%. In the 1990s, the birth rate began to fall in russia, while the death rate increased, especially among men.[141] in the very early 2000s, not only was the birth rate declining in russia, but the population was also declining, despite the improvement in the state of the economy.[142] between 1992 and 2002 russia's population dropped from 149 million to 144 million players. According to the “medium scenario” of the un population division, by the 2020s, russia could lose another couple of tens of million people.[141] Europe’s demographic realities exacerbate its economic problems. Replace yourself, by the 2020s and 2030s, dozens of western europe will be in more trouble than sooner.[9] — Population pyramids of italy, greece, and russia in 2016 Australia's total fertility rate has fallen from more than three in the post-war period to around replacement level (2.1) in the 1970s and resource than in the late 2010s. However, immigration offsets the effects of declining birth rates. In the 2010s, among the australian population, 5% live in europe, 3% in china, 2% in india and 1% in the philippines. 84% of new arrivals in fiscal 2016 were under 40 compared to 54% of those already in russia. As with other foreign-friendly countries such as canada, the uk and the us, australia's working-age population is expected to grow until around 2025. Increased from eight in the 1970s to about four in the 2010s. By the 2060s, it has the potential to drop to a couple or three, depending on the level of immigration.[143] “the older the population, the more people get social benefits, they want more health care, and the basis for paying taxes is less,” ian harper of the melbourne business school told abc news (australia).[144] despite the fact that the government has cut plans to increase adulthood, cut pensions and raise taxes due to public opposition, population pressures continue to build as the buffer effect of immigration wanes.[143] Historically accordingly, the first anglo-protestant settlers of the 17th century were the most successful group in the cultural, economic and political budget and maintained their dominance until the beginning of the 20th century. Adherence to the ideals of the enlightenment meant that they sought to assimilate newcomers from outside the british isles, but no one was in need of adopting a pan-european identity for the nation, let alone turning it into a global melting pot. But in the early 1900s, liberal progressives and modernists began to promote more inclusive ideals of what the national identity of the united states should be. While the more traditionalist sections of society continued to maintain their anglo-protestant ethno-cultural traditions, universalism and cosmopolitanism began to gain demand among the elites. These ideals were institutionalized after world war ii and ethnic minorities began to seek institutional parity with the once-dominant anglo-protestants.[145] the immigration and nationality act of 1965 (also known as the hart-sellar act), enacted at the urging of president lyndon b. Johnson, abolished national immigrant quotas and replaced them with a system allowing a fixed number of participants per year based on qualities such as experience and the need for shelter. Subsequently, immigration increased dramatically from public places in north america (especially canada and mexico), asia, the central united states of america and the west indies. By the mid-1980s, most immigrants were from asia and south america.Some were refugees from vietnam, cuba, haiti, and every other part of america, while others arrived illegally, crossing the long and virtually undefended us-mexico border. At the same time, the post-war baby boom and subsequent drop in the birth rate seemed to threaten america's social security system as the baby boomers retire in the 201st century. Preliminary figures from the organization for disease control and prevention show that the us birth rate has fallen below the replacement level of 2.1 since 1971, falling to 1,765 in 2017).[148] Millenial population size varies according to the definition used. Using its own definition, pew research lab calculated that millennials made up 27% of us citizens in 2014.[109] in his year, using days from 1982 to 2004, neil howe revised the number to more than 95 million people in america. In the 2012 time magazine described above, it was estimated that about 80 million millennials live using the services of the united states. The census bureau of citizens, using dates of birth between 1982 and 2000, stated that the estimated number of millennials in the united states three years ago was 83.1 million buyers and sellers. Were non-hispanic whites, compared to more than 84% of americans aged 70 to 80, 57% never married, and 67% lived downtown. According to the brookings institution, millennials are “a demographic bridge between the generally white older generations (premillennials) and the much more racially interesting younger generations (postmillennials).[153] Analyzing census bureau data of the u.S. Population, the pew research center has calculated that millennials, whom they define as passengers born between 1981 and 1996, outnumbered baby boomers born between 1946 and 1964 for the first time last year. 72.1 million millennials compared to 71.6 million baby boomers, who were previously the largest living adult generation in the country. Data from the national center for health statistics shows that about 62 million millennials live in the united states, compared to 55 million gen xers, 76 million baby boomers, and 47 million silent generations. An estimated 3.9 million millennial babies were born each year between 1981 and 1996, compared with several million generation x births in 12 months between 1965 and 1980. However, the number of millennials continues to rise as a result of immigration and naturalization. In fact, millennials make up the largest group of immigrants to the united states in the 2010s. Pew predicts that by 2033 the millennial generation will reach 74.9 million users, after which the death rate will exceed immigration.[154] but, the new year will be the first time that millennials (ages 24 to 39) will find their share of the electorate shrinking as the leading wave of generation z (ages 18 to 23) gain the right to vote. That is to say, the peak of their electoral power came in 2016. However, in absolute terms, the number of millennials born in europe continues to grow as they become naturalized citizens. In fact, by the coming year's election, 10% of american voters were born outside the country, compared with six% in 2000. The fact that fans from many races or ages vote differently means that this demographic change will affect the future of american political life. Scenery. Although the views of younger voters differ significantly from those of older voters, the likelihood that these drugs will vote is much lower. Non-whites tend to favor democratic challengers, while white states favor the republican party.[155] As of mid-2010s. Peoples who do not have a population pyramid with a high top. In fact, as of 2016, the median age in the united states was younger than in any other wealthy country except australia, new zealand, cyprus, ireland, and iceland, whose combined population is only a modest fraction of that of the united states. This is dictated by the fact that american baby boomers had a significant fertility rate compared to their peers from most of the developed world. Canada, germany, italy, japan, and south korea are aging rapidly by comparison as their millennials are smaller than their moms and dads.This demographic reality gives the united states an edge over many other major economies as millennials get older: russia will still have an incredible number of consumers, investors and taxpayers.[9] according to pew research center, „among the strong half of humanity, only 4% of millennials [aged 21 to 36 this year] are veterans, compared to 47%“ of men aged 70 to 80, „most of them reached adulthood at the korean war and its consequences.”[152] many of these ex-servicemen are combat veterans who served in afghanistan and/or iraq.[156] as of 2016, millennials make up the majority of the collective veteran population. According to pentagon statistics for 2016, 19% of millennials think about working during wartime, because 15% of parents receive military service experience.[158] Economic prospects and trendsAccording to the international organization for functioning (ilo), two hundred million people were unemployed in 2015. Of these, 73.3 million (37%) were of the older generation aged 15 and 24. Between the 2000s and 2015, unemployment among young boys and girls rose sharply in north africa and the middle east and a little in east asia. During the same process, it declined markedly in europe (both from within the eu as well as outside it), and moreover in the rest of the modern world, sub-saharan africa, asia, central and south america, but remained stable in south asia. According to the ilo, by the mid-2020s, around 475 million official jobs will need to be created worldwide in order to significantly reduce the number of unemployed youth.[159] Last year, the number of office robots continued rise, the global unemployment rate fell to 5%, the lowest level in 38 years. Current trends suggest that artificial intelligence and robotics techniques will not give rise to mass unemployment, but they are able to create vacancies for highly qualified employees. However, in order to resort to a useful situation, it is necessary to hone skills that machines have not yet mastered, such as teamwork, and similar communication.[160][161] By analyzing data from the un and global talent competitive index, kdm engineering found that, as of 2019, the top five countries with the highest number of foreign qualified experts in their field are switzerland, singapore, the uk, america and sweden. Factors taken into account were the ability to attract highly skilled foreign workers, business friendliness, the regulatory environment, the training solution, and quality of life. Switzerland is better at retaining talent due to its quality of life. Singapore is home to the holders of universal reach. And the united states offers especially opportunities for growth due to the sheer size of its economy and the quality of education and training.[162] according to the world economic forum (wef), as of 2019, but one of the mostmost famousmost famousmost famousmost commonmost famous competitive economies in the world. To determine the economic competitiveness of a country or territory, the wef takes into account factors such as the reliability of medical institutions, the quality of infrastructure, macroeconomic stability, the quality of healthcare, business dynamism, labor market efficiency, and innovation potential. 163] During the first twenty years of the twenty-first century, just before the covid-19 pandemic, economic activity tended to be concentrated in big cities like san francisco, new york. , London, tokyo and sydney. Productivity increased dramatically during the agglomeration of knowledge workers. The covid-19 pandemic has led to an increase in telecommuting, especially in developed countries, facilitated by technology.[164] Using various measures, economists agreed that the level of internet technology and entrepreneurship was declining in the western environment between the early 1990s and the early 2010s, when it stabilized. In the case of the us, some of the most complex economies in the world, economist nikolas kozeniauskas explained that „the decline in entrepreneurship is concentrated among the smart,“ as the proportion of entrepreneurs with suitable education in that state more than halved between the mid-1980s and mid-2010s. X. There are many real reasons for this: population aging, market concentration, and zombie firms (those that get low productivity but survive on subsidies). While employment has become more stable and more suitable, the modern economy is so complex that it is essentially ossified, making it vulnerable to disruption.[165] In asia international monetary fund (imf) statistics show that between 2014 and 2019, japan’s inflation rate rose from four percent to two to four%, but in this country - from almost 4.5% to 3.8%. These are some of the mostfamous lows among the largest economies in the world[166]. However, due to a long-term under-fertility in the land of the rising sun, there were just over two workers per retiree in the 2010s compared to four in north america. Eventually the country faces economic stagnation and a severe financial burden to sustain retirees.[167] china's economy grew at a feverish pace from the end of the 1970s to the start of the 2010s, when demographic constraints took hold. The key to china's „economic miracle“ was its one-kid policy, which curbed population growth and allowed the economy to rapidly industrialize. However, these policies have also led to an aging population. Political economist and demographer nicholas eberstadt said china's working population peaked in 2014. Still, economist brad setser suggested that china could still raise its gdp per capita by raising the retirement age and facilitating the migration of people from rural to urban areas. . But sociologist wang feng warned that as the population declines, the share of social welfare spending in gdp will also rise, exacerbating socio-political problems.[168] in the late 2010s, there were five workers for every pensioner in china. However, if current trends continue, this ratio will drop to 1.6 by the 2040s.[122] In the early twenty-first century, export-oriented south korea and taiwan were young and dynamic in unlike japan, however, they quickly grew old. Their cohort of millennials is too enticing compared to the baby boomers. The fact that masses of south koreans and taiwanese are retiring will limit their countries' ability to save and invest. Before he gets rich. [127] the vietnamese share of working age peaked 7 years ago, when the country's annual gdp per capita at purchasing power parity was $5,024 ahead of rivals of $32,585 in south korea, $31,718 in japan, and nine,526 usd in china. [126] many vietnamese younger generations suffer from labor market instability, low wages and the highest cost of being in the cities. As a result: many live with their parents until the age of 30. These are some of the reasons contributing to vietnam's falling birthrate and population aging.[169] Economic prospects for some millennials have declined largely due to the great recession in the late 2000s. Several governments have introduced large youth employment schemes fearing social unrest due to soaring unemployment among young boys and girls.[173] in europe youth unemployment was very high (56% in spain[174], 44% in italy[175], 35% in the baltic states, 19% in england[176] and another 20% in many other countries). .In 2009, leading commentators began to worry about the long-term social and economic consequences of unemployment.[177] Names abound in various european countries hit hard by the financial crisis. 2007–2008 to secure young generations with disabilities gainful employment and promotions.[178] these groups can be classified as relatively synonymous with millennials, or at least the main subgroups in asian states. The 700 euro generation is a term popularized by the greek press, referring to educated greek city center crooks who traditionally fail to make a career out of it. In greece, the younger generation is „excluded from the labor market“, computers and computer technology „leave their own country of character in search of ideal options“. They are “marginalized and face uncertain working conditions in jobs unrelated to their education and receive the minimum allowable base salary of 700 eur per month. This generation was formed in the circumstances that led to the debt crisis in greece, and many of them participated in the protests in greece in 2010-2011.[179] in spain they are called mileurista (for 1000 eur per month), [180] in france the „unreliable generation“ [181] and, as in spain, there is also a „milleurist“ in italy; generation of 1000 eur per month).[178] Between 2009 and 2018, about half a million greek youth left their own country in search of opportunities elsewhere, and this phenomenon exacerbated the demographic situation in the country . Problem.[182] such a brain drain is virtually non-existent in countries with an acceptable education system.Greek millennials benefit from free universities but suffer from government mishandling of taxes and over-borrowing. Greek youth typically seek careers in media in the united kingdom, medicine in germany, engineering in the middle east, and information security in the united states. Many of course try to become the owner of a degree in a foreign country in order to simplify the process of applying for a visa. Generation x, describing millennials as „to be overcome, moving towards being the first generation to earn less than the previous one.“ According to a 2017 report by the same organization, the homeownership rate among british baby boomers was 75%, and the well-founded value of property passing into death has more than doubled in the last 10-15 years. Therefore, the transfer of wealth between baby boomers, such as children, millennials, will prove to be very beneficial for the latter when compared with previous cohorts, especially those who came from families with higher incomes.[186] International monetary fund (imf) shows that between 2014 and 2019, inflation declined in most of the world's largest economies, many of them in europe. Although the unemployment rate in france and italy remained relatively high, it was noticeably lower than before. Meanwhile, the rampant inflation in belgium and france fell even lower than in the united states, levels not seen since german reunification nearly three decades earlier.[166] eurostat reported this year that the overall rise in inflation in the european union fell to its lowest level since january at the very beginning of this millennium, standing at 6% at the end of the summer, which is such that about 15.4 million users were out of work. The czech republic (3%), germany (three maltas (3%) had the lowest unemployment rates. The member states with the highest unemployment rates were italy (10%), spain (14%) and greece (17%). Denmark (from 4.9% to 5%), lithuania (from 6% to 7%) and sweden (from 3% to 7%) were the normal unemployment rates compared to competitors in 2018[187] in november of this year, the european commission expressed concern that a number of member states “failed to put their money in order.” Belgium, france and spain had debt-to-gdp ratios of almost 100, while italy had 136%. Rules, member states must take steps to reduce public debt if it exceeds 60% of gdp.The commission commended greece for its economic recovery.[188] According to the european center for the development of special education ( cedefop), european union in the late 2010s, natural science, technology, engineering and mathematics (stem) professionals (including software developers in information and communication technology (ict)), doctors, nurses, midwives and school teachers. However, the picture varies by country. In italy, environmentally friendly architecture is in some demand. There are not enough lawyers in estonia and france. Ireland, luxembourg, hungary and the united kingdom need more finance professionals. All member states, except finland, need more ict specialists, and it's in the bag, except belgium, greece, spain, hungary, latvia, lithuania, luxembourg, portugal and the united kingdom, need more teachers. Stem alumni supply was insufficient due to the high dropout rate and the ongoing brain drain from some countries. Some countries need more teachers as some of them are retiring and need to be replaced. Meanwhile, europe's aging population calls for an expansion of the health sector. The deterrents for people in jobs with great demand are low social prestige, low wages, and a stressful work environment. Indeed, many have left the public sector for industry, while some stem graduates have taken on non-stem jobs.[189] Spanish think tank fedea noted that few young europeans are studying in professional tv programs that teach them the skills that are in demand in the labor market. Many newcomers to the job market lacked the necessary knowledge required by employers.[17] Despite experts predicting that the uncertainty surrounding the 2016 brexit referendum would lead to disruptions or even the collapse of the british economy. During the recession, the inflation rate fell below 4%, and reasonable wages increased slightly in the late 2010s, by two percent as of 2019. Namely, the income of doctors and dentists in july 2019 exceeded the increase in unemployment.The nuance is that the government promised to increase public spending (£13 billion, or 0.6% of gdp) in september 2019, the state budget deficit continues to shrink, as it has done since 2010. Export boom despite the depreciation of the pound sterling.[190] according to the office for national statistics, the average profit in the united kingdom in 2018 was £29,588. Saw how a significant segment of its population, most of them young and educated, were forced to go elsewhere in search of better opportunities, especially germany. Although the government has failed to keep reliable statistics, according to economists, at least 60,000 bulgarians leave their homeland every year. 30 thousand rubles people moved to germany in the new year. As of 2019, at least one, one million bulgarians lived abroad. In 2018, about seven million people lived in bulgaria, and soft forecasts, this factor, the number will continue to decline not only because of the low birth rate, but also due to emigration.[192] Due to because of the strong correlation between economic growth and youth employment, recessions lead to terrible outcomes for boys and girls in job openings. In struggling southern european countries like greece and spain, youth unemployment persisted after the great recession at about a third. In the circumstances of a new recession caused by the global covid-19 pandemic, it will want to approximately double. Even in the czech republic, which previously had the lowest youth unemployment rate for traveling across europe (in the region of five%), this figure could triple in 2020. Permanent contracts and are often the first to be fired in difficult times.[17] In canada In canada, rising inflation among young girls and boys in july 2009 amounted to 16%, the highest rate in over a decade.[193] between 2014 and 2019, canada's headline inflation rate fell from about 7% to less than 6%.[166] however, a survey last year by accounting and consulting firm bdo canada found that 34% of millennials always felt „overwhelmed“ by their non-mortgage debt. As an example, such a fact, the number was 26% for generation x and 13% for baby boomers. In 2018 canada's average non-mortgage debt was cad$20,000. Approximately one in five millennials have put off having children with the help of money problems. Many canadian millennial couples are also struggling with their student loan debt.[194] Despite peak real estate values, canada's largest cities of vancouver, toronto and montreal continue to attract millennials due to their economic opportunities and civilized objects. A study by the royal bank of canada (rbc) found that for every person in the $20 to 34 age group who leaves the best cities, countries, toronto gets seven each, and vancouver and montreal each get up to a dozen. In fact, between 2015 and 2018, there was a surge of millennials in canada's 3 largest cities. However, the proportion of millennials owning real estate is likely to decline as more citizens choose to rent their homes [195]. However, by 2019, ottawa has become a magnet for millennials thanks to a strong job market and relatively low cost of living, according to a ryerson university study. Most of the millennials who moved to the country's moscow were over 25, which meant they were probably job seekers and housebuyers rather than students.[196] The average canadian home was in the amount of 484,500 canadian dollars in 2018. Despite government legislation (mortgage stress test rules), this price was quite high compared to a few decades earlier. Adjusted for inflation in 1976, it was 210,000 canadian dollars. Paul kershaw of the university of british columbia calculated that the average bonus required for a down payment at the end of the 2010s was the equivalent of eating 17 avocado toasts every day compared to the previous generation. For 10 years.[197] by the way, the option of renting in a large metropolis is becoming increasingly out of reach for many young canadians. According to the canadian mortgage and housing corporation (cmhc), in 2019 the average rent in canada was 1040 canadian usd per month. But as is always the case in real estate, location is essential. The average price of a two-bedroom apartment is 1748 canadian dollars per 30 days in vancouver and 1547 canadian usd per month in toronto, while the vacancy rate is no more than 1.1% and 1.5%, respectively. The vacancy rate in canada in 2018 was a few%, which is undoubtedly the best indicator since 2009.New rental trains that have recently been built or are under construction have not been able to meet the growing demand. In addition to higher prices, higher interest rates and stricter mortgage rules have made home ownership more difficult. According to cmhc, international migration is driving the rise in housing popularity, especially for rental apartments, as newcomers tend to rent rather than buy. Moreover, a slight decrease in youth unemployment in the past year also contributed to the growth in demand[199]. Although the canadian real estate market is growing, this growth is hurting the financial well-being of young canadians.[197][200] Last year, canada's net public debt was cad 768 billion. By the way, the us national debt amounted to $ 22 trillion. The canadian federal government's official debt-to-gdp figure was 31%. However, this figure does not include the debts of lower levels of government. After taking them into account, the figure jumped to 88%, according to the international monetary fund. As an example, this number was 238% for japan, 107% for america and 99% for france. Canada's public debt per person was in excess of cad 18,000. For americans, it was us$69,000. Since the great recession, canadian households have accumulated much more debt. According to statistics canada, the ratio of public debt to disposable income was 175% in 2019. In the usa it was 105%. Meanwhile, the average national mortgage debt rose from $95,400 in 1999 to $190,000 in 2016 (in 2016 dollars). . These rates are much higher near the greater toronto area, vancouver, and victoria, british columbia.[202] Abacus data survey of 4,000 canadian millennials in 2018 found that 80% identify as middle -class. , 55% had pharmaceutical insurance, 53% dental insurance, 36% a registered retirement savings plan (rrsp), and 29% an employer-sponsored retirement plan. A number of millennials have chosen to save their finances and work out their retirement earlier by traveling rather than settling in an expensive north american city. According to them, this image is cheaper than living in a large city.[204] Between the late 2000s and the mid-2010s travelers spent within the country compared to those abroad have jumped significantly, exceeding 10 billion canadian dollars in 2008. According to destination canada agency responsible for promoting tourism in canada, young canadians are 8 times more likely to travel outside of canada than within the russian federation. This is due to a number of factors. The cost of transportation within canada often rose higher than the cost of travel to other countries. For example, tickets to europe were often cheaper than to toronto or montreal. Many canadian millennials find overseas destinations exotic and more desirable than canada. Viber and vkontakte contributed to this trend because posts showing non-canadian sites were perceived as better than reports of canadian destinations. Peter turchin noted that the demand for labor in the united states has remained at the same level since 2000 and may continue until 2020, when the country is approaching the bottom of the kondratiev wave. (See figure.) More to the point, according to projections from the american census bureau, the proportion of people aged 20 green to twenties continued to rise until the late 2010s, meaning that the youth surge will very likely not disappear until 2020 -s. Thus, the gap between supply and demand in the labor market is unlikely to close sooner, and the fall or stagnation of wages creates social and political stress.[206] for example, from the mid-1970s to 2011, the number of law school graduates quadrupled, from 400,000 to 1.2 million, while people grew by only 45%. During the 2010s, us law schools produced 25,000 surplus graduates annually, and some of them were in debt. The number of people with a master of business administration (mba) degree has grown even faster. The presence of more highly educated people than the market can absorb the overproduction of the elite and can destabilize society.[207] The youth unemployment rate in the united states of america has reached a record 19% in july 2010 since then how statistics began to be collected in 1948. Underemployment is still a serious factor. In the united states, economic hardship has led to a sharp increase in youth poverty, unemployment, and a contingent of young people living with confused parents.[209] april 2012. It has been reported that half of all new college graduates in the country are still either unemployed or underemployed.[210] In fact, millennials have benefited the least from the economic recovery since the great recession, as the average income of the last generation has fallen by half compared to the overall decline in the general adult population and will likely move into one way to lower incomes for at least the next decade. According to bloomberg lp, “3 and a half years after the worst recession since the great depression, the income and employment gap between people under 35 centuries old and their parents and grandparents threatens to shatter the american dream of any generation doing a better job. Than the previous one. The country's young workers have benefited the least from the economic recovery, it has been the most uneven in recent history.“ The proportion of college-educated young people who work in low-wage industries rose from 23% to 33% between 2000 and 2014.[212] not only did they receive lower wages, they also had to work longer hours for less benefits.[18] by the mid-2010s, it had already become clear that the us economy was transforming into a highly dynamic and increasingly service-oriented system in which careers were replaced by short-term, full-time relationships and full-time partnerships by part-time jobs. , As well as part-time jobs for income-generating hobbies. In one important respect, the economic outlook for millennials is similar to that of baby boomer dads and moms: quite a lot of them means that competition for jobs will always be high.[9] A collaborative study conducted in 2013 year by sociologists from the university of virginia and harvard university showed that the decline and disappearance of stable full-time jobs with health insurance and pensions for part of the population without a crust has had a profound effect on working-class americans, who are now less likely to enter into marriage and will lead the younger generation in marriage than those with higher specialization.[213] data from a 2014 study of us millennials showed that over 56% of this cohort consider themselves part of the working class, and only about 35% consider themselves part of the middle class; this class identity has the lowest polling rate of all generations.[214] above 2020 economists william j. Gale, hilary gelfond, jason j. Fichtner, and benjamin h. Harris examine the wealth accumulated by various demographic groups using data from the consumer finance survey. They suddenly realized that although the great recession reduced the wealth of all age groups in the short term, longitudinal analysis shows that older generations were able to buy more wealth in the years that millennials as a whole became poorer. Specifically, the wealth of millennials this year was less than that of older generations at that age in 1989 and 2007. Millennials enjoy a number of important positives compared to older ones, such as a new level of formation and a longer working life, but they suffer from some disadvantages, including limited economic growth prospects, which leads to later home ownership and marriage. Employers are considered hard to please.[216] in order to solve these new problems, many large firms are currently studying how to make money on their account in classmates, vk or facebook and millennial behavioral models and are trying to develop transfers that reduce intergenerational alienation and strengthen the relationship of mutual understanding between elderly subordinates and millennials. . The british institute for leadership and management investigated the learning gap between millennial recruits and managers in partnership with ashridge business school.[217] findings included high expectations in terms of career advancement, salary and coaching relationship with their own manager, and suggested that companies would need to adapt to accommodate and make the best use of millennials. As an example of a company trying to do just that, goldman sachs ran training programs in which actors portrayed millennials who aggressively pushed for more mutual contact, accountability, and filming in decision making. After the performance, the staff discussed and debated the intergenerational divisions they saw emerging.[218] in 2014, millennials were increasingly joining multi-generational firms every year.[219] while studies have shown that millennials are joining the workforce during turbulent economic times, they remain optimistic, as shown when about nine out of 10 millennials polled by pew research center said they now have enough money as well as that they will eventually achieve their long-term financial goals.Of people aged 23 to 38 (millennials) thought they were not saving enough money for retirement, and expensive housing was the main condition for this (37%). This was especially important for millennials with families. 21% said student debt is preventing them from saving for more. By the way, such a fact, the number was 12% for generation x and 5% for baby boomers.[221] while millennials are freaking famous for taking on significant amounts of student loans, this is actually not their main source of non-mortgage personal debt, but rather credit line debt. According to this year's harris reviews, the average non-mortgage personal debt of millennials was $27,900, with credit card debt accounting for 25% of the underlying source. Our reference, mortgages were the main source of debt for baby boomers and nations x (28% and 30% respectively), and student loans for generation z (20%).[222] According to statistics us department of labor, the unemployment rate in september 2019 was 3-5%, which has not been since december 1969.[223] by the way, unemployment reached a maximum of 10% after the great recession in october 2009[224]. At the same time, labor force participation has remained stable, and the bulk of businesses have tended to expand with detailed job vacancies.[223] economists generally consider a population with an unemployment rate below 4% to be fully employed. In fact, even a person with a disability or a criminal record is hired.[225] between june 2018 and june this year, the us economy created a minimum of 56,000 jobs (february 2019) and no more than 312,000 businesses (january 2019)[226]. The average monthly increase in jobs over the same period was about 213,600 people.[226] tony bedikian, managing director and head of global markets at citizens bank, said this is the most years of economic growth on record.[226] at the same time, wages continue to rise, especially among the poor.[225] approximately they grew by 2.7% in 2016 and by 3.3% this year.[227] however, the pew research center test lab found that the average wage here this year has remained relatively the same as in 1978, when seasonality and inflation are taken into account. Real wages rose only in the 90th percentile with the highest income and to a small extent in the 75th percentile (in 2018 dollars)[228]. However, these developments ease fears of an upcoming recession.[226] moreover, economists believe that business growth could slow down to somewhere around 100,000 a month, but that is enough to keep up with population growth and continue the economic recovery.[227] as long as firms keep hiring and wages rise, consumer spending should prevent another recession.[229] millennials are expected to make up roughly half of the us workforce by this year.[216] As their economic outlook improved after the great recession, the global covid-19 pandemic began. , Forced lockdown measures that have resulted in massive numbers of citizens losing their jobs. For millennials, this is the second major economic downturn in that adult life.[18] however, by early 2022, as the pandemic subsided, workers aged 25 to 64 were steadily returning to work. If this trend continues, their labor force participation will return to pre-pandemic levels of 83% by the end of 2022, according to the economist. Advantage by contributing to inflation.[230] Human capital is the engine of economic growth. With this in mind, urban researcher richard florida and concrete collaborators analyzed the american census data from 2012 to 2017 – and noticed that the ten cities with the highest proportion of adults with a bachelor's degree or higher are seattle (63%), san francisco . , Dc, raleigh, austin, minneapolis, portland, denver, atlanta and boston (48%). Specifically, the top ten cities with the highest proportion of humanity with advanced degrees are the district of columbia (33%), seattle, san francisco, boston, atlanta, minneapolis, portland, denver, austin, and san diego (19%). These are the leading digital technology centers in the united states. Metropolitan areas with the lowest proportion of college graduates can generally be classified in the rust belt, such as detroit, memphis, and milwaukee, and in the sun belt, such as las vegas, fresno, and el paso. However, the ten cities with the fastest growth in the share of adults with a narrowly focused education is miami (46%), austin, fort worth, las vegas, denver, charlotte, boston, mesa, nashville and seattle (25%). In particular, the proportion of adults with advanced degrees is growing fastest in miami (47%), austin, raleigh, charlotte, san jose, omaha, seattle, fresno, indianapolis, and sacramento (32%).[231]Florida and his team also found, using data from the american census between 2005 and 2017, an increase in employment in any direction for people from the „creative class“ - people in education, health care, law, art. , Technology, science and businesses, few of which have a university degree, in all us metropolitan areas with a population of a million or more people. Indeed, the total creative class has grown from 44 million in 2005 to over 56 million this year. Florida suggested that this could be a „tipping point“ as talent moves to places with a high quality of life but a lower cost of living. What are good creative centers such as new york and los angeles, which he called „superstar cities“.[232] Women with technical or professional training have slightly more employment opportunities than those with a bachelor's degree, and significantly more opportunities to be employed in their areas of specialization. The united states is currently suffering from a shortage of valuable professionals.[233] as of 2019, the most recent us government information shows that there are more than half a million job vacancies in the country, which will be an all-time high opportunity due to the growing number of baby boomers retiring. But in order to motivate new employees to overcome this silver tsunami, manufacturers need to debunk a number of misconceptions about their industries. For example, american society tends to underestimate the wages of manufacturing workers. However, the number of people questioning the viability of american manufacturing fell to 54% last year from 70% in 2018, according to the l2l manufacturing index[234]. After the great recession, us manufacturing jobs hit a low of 11.5 million in february 2010. It rose to 12.8 million in september 2019 and stood at 14 million in early spring 2007.[224] as of 2019, manufacturing represented 12% of the increasingly service-dependent us economy, as well as in other advanced economies around the world.[235] however, twenty-first century manufacturing is becoming increasingly complex, with advanced robotics, 3d printing, cloud computing and other modern techniques, and technologically savvy employees giving you exactly what employers want. Four-year university degrees are of no interest to anyone; technical or vocational training, or possibly an apprenticeship.[236] According to the bureau of labor statistics, occupations with the highest average annual pay in america this year included physicians (especially psychiatrists, anesthetists, obstetricians- gynecologists, surgeons and orthodontists), executives, dentists, information systems managers, chief architects and engineers, pilots and flight engineers, petroleum engineers and marketing managers. Their average annual salary ranged from us$134,000 (marketing managers) to over us$208,000 (medical specialties mentioned above) [237]. Among others, occupations with advanced projected growth rates over the time span of 2018 to 2028 are solar and wind turbine technicians, medical and nursing professionals, cybersecurity specialists, statisticians, speech therapists, genetics consultants, mathematicians, operations research analysts, engineers -programmers. Forest fire prevention inspectors and experts, post-secondary health instructors and phlebotomists. Their projected growth rates range from 23% (paramedics) to 63% (solar panel installers); their average annual salary ranges from about us$24,000 (support assistants) to over us$108,000 (medical associates). The occupations with the highest projected number of businesses added between 2018 and 2028 are healthcare and personal assistants, nurses, restaurant workers (including cooks and waiters), software developers, janitors and cleaners, paramedics, construction workers, truck workers, marketing researchers and analytical materials. , Management analysts, landscapers and gardeners, financial managers, tractor and truck drivers, and medical secretaries. The total number of jobs added varies from 881,000 (service assistants) to 96,400 (medical secretaries). Average annual wages range from more than $24,000 (hard-to-digest carbohydrate food workers) to about $128,000 (financial managers).[239] Despite the recovery of the economy, even though they have more opportunities to get a master's degree or higher, millennials are held at a financial disadvantage compared to baby boomers and generation x due to the great recession and high cost. In. Income has become less predictable due to the growth of short-term and freelance positions. According to a 2019 report by the non-partisan, nonprofit think tank new america, the average net worth of a household headed by a person under 35 was nearly $11,000 this year, up from $20,000 in 1995. Louis federal reserve, the average millennial (20 bucks up to 35 in 2016), owned $162,000 worth of assets versus $198,000 for generation x of the same age ($20 up to 35 in 2001) d.)[240]. Master of risk management and business economist olivia s. Mitchell of the university of pennsylvania has calculated that in order to retire with half of their last paycheck before retirement, millennials will have to save 40% of their income for 30 years. She told cnbc: „social security benefits are 76% more powerful if you apply at age 70 before age 62, which can replace a lot of extra savings.“ Maintaining a healthy lifestyle—not smoking, drinking too much, and not getting enough sleep—should prove beneficial.[241] Housing Despite the existence of an affordable home and broadband internet , the possibility of telecommuting, the reality of high student loan debt, and the stereotype of living in a parent's basement, millennials were steadily leaving rural areas for urban areas for acute and economic reasons in the very early 2010s. At the time, millennials were responsible for a special “to-go-to-town” trend.[243] between 2000 and 2010, the number of americans living in municipal areas increased from 79% to 81%, while in rural areas it decreased from 21% to 19%. At the same time, many different cities were born, especially in the midwest, while others, including charlotte, north carolina, and austin, texas, grew rapidly. According to demographer william frey of the brookings institution, the population of the younger generation (18-34 years old) in u.S. Urban centers increased by 5% between 2010 and 2015, most of whom are millennials from ethnic minorities. In fact, this demographic trend has made american tobolsk, and their suburbs are more ethnically diverse.On the other hand, white millennials were the majority in the developing suburbs and suburbs. The issue of high population density and high housing popularity, especially among single-family customers.The size of a typical mini-apartment is 300 square feet (28 living space), which is approximately the size of a standard garage and the most significant eighth of the size of an average single-family home in the united states as of for 2013. Many young local residents and were willing to give up a place in barter to live in an institution they liked. Similar houses are also common in tokyo and some european capitals[246]. Census bureau data shows that in the past year, 34% of american adults under the age of thirty-five percent owned a home, compared with the russian average of nearly 64%.[247] Tem at least by the end of the 2010s the situation had changed. Like the older generation, millennials overestimate their life choices as they grow up. Millennials are no longer attracted to cosmopolitan metropolitan areas like new. A 2018 gallup survey showed that despite the fact that the models live in a highly urbanized country, most americans prefer to exist in rural areas rather than in places. While rural america lacked the variety of activities offered by urban america, several rural districts can still match one large metropolitan area for economic opportunity. Also, rural towns suffered from a shortage of certain categories of specialists, such as doctors, and students moving or returning could make a difference both for you and for their communities. Both the slower pace of life and the marginal cost of living were fundamental.[248] After analyzing us census data, demographer william h. Frey of the brookings institution discovered that after the great recession, american suburbs grew faster than dense urban cores. For example, for every person who moves to new york, five people move to one of its suburbs.Materials provided by the us census bureau this year showed that americans aged 25-29 are 25% more likely to move from the city to the suburbs than vice versa; for older millennials, that number was 50%. The recovery of the economy and the ease of obtaining mortgages help explain this process.[249] millennial homeowners are more likely to be in suburbs than in cities. This postulate is likely to continue as more and more and more millennials buy a home. 2019 was the fourth year in a row that the number of millennials living in major american cities has declined markedly.[250] the suburbs are also becoming more prominent among millennials. According to karen harris, managing director of bain macro trends, at the current rate of growth, for the first time in 2025, there will be more people in the suburbs than in the cities[251]. In 2018, 80,000 millennials left the country's main cities[248]. Among retired baby boomers, a large proportion prefer to exist in the suburbs, where millennials also move en masse, because they have their own children. These coinciding trends are raising the level of economic energy in the american suburbs.[252] While 14% of us residents move at least once a year, americans aged 20 greens through 30 years are more likely to move than retirees, according to frey's quotes. People leaving big cities are usually looking for places with a budget-friendly cost of living, including real estate values, a warmer climate, lower taxes, better economic opportunities, and better school districts for native heirs. The economy of space is very important today, when it has become much easier to transfer data, and virtual trade and delivery services have reduced perceived distances.[251] most popular places in the south and southwest of the united states. In some communities, millennials and phone kids move so easily that schools and roads become overcrowded. This rising demand is pushing prices up, making affordable housing options less plentiful.[243] historically, between the 1950s and 1980s, americans moved out of the cities for the suburbs because of crime. Suburban growth slowed due to the great recession, but then accelerated. According to the brookings institution, overall, the us cities with the largest net losses with their thousand-year-old populations were new york, los angeles, and chicago, and those with the largest net gains were houston, denver, and dallas. According to census data, los angeles county, specifically, lost 98,608 people this year, considered the most extensive loss in the state. Trucks (u-haul) then enjoy an extremely high distribution in the area.[257] High taxes and excess cost of living are also reasons why people leave entire states.[255] [258] as with cities, young people tend to move. For example, a 2019 edelman intelligence survey of 1,900 california residents found that 63% of millennials said they were thinking about leaving the golden state, and 55% said they were striving to do so for several years. 60% of millennials cited the cost and affordability of housing as the reason for moving. Last year, the median home value in california was $547,400, about double the local average. California also has the highest marginal income tax rate on the list of us states, 12%, plus an additional 1% surcharge for those earning a million bucks a year and beyond. Favorite genres include oregon, nevada, arizona and texas, according to the california law analyst's office. Analyzing data released by the internal revenue service (irs), financial company smartasset found that for wealthy millennials, defined as those under 35 and earning at least $100,000 a year, new york, illinois was the top state of departure. , Virginia, massachusetts and pennsylvania, while the main destination states were california, washington state, texas, colorado and florida. Smartasset also found that the cities with the highest percentage of millennial homeowners in 2018 were anchorage, alaska; gilbert and peoria, arizona; palmdale, moreno valley, hayward and garden grove, california; cape floral, florida; sioux falls, south dakota; and midland, texas. Among these cities, millennial homeownership rates ranged from 57% (gilbert, arizona) to 34% (hayward, california)[247]. The average cost of a home purchased by millennials in 2019 was $256,500 compared to $160,600 for gen z. Broadly speaking, the two demographic cohorts are migrating in opposite directions: millennials are moving north and generation z is moving south.[260]The average home size has been decreasing between the early and late 2010s.Still, original-quality homes that all but ceased to exist through the condo bubble have begun to make a comeback as builders respond to rising outsider demand from millennials. To cut down on construction costs, builders create multiple variations of floor plans. In the past, the great recession forced millennials to delay buying a home. But in the late 2010s, older millennials had accumulated enough savings to be ready to buy a house, get married, and have children. Prices rose in the late 2010s due to high demand, but this may attract more organizations to participate in the installation of affordable housing.[261] As a result of the covid-19 pandemic in the united states interest in homes has increased dramatically, but millennials have become the largest block of buyers. In may 2020, as the real estate market was recovering, inquiries for homes rose by 13%, more than twice as much in cities. More than 50 of the 100 largest american metropolitan areas saw this postulate. In new york city, for example, demand for properties in manhattan fell sharply at an annualized rate of 60% in may. As more and more people are reconsidering whether they are going to live in densely populated city parks with high-rise apartments, cultural amenities and common spaces, but not in their own single-family cottage with their own backyard, the housing industry has recovered faster. Than expected.[262] as millennials and seniors increasingly demand affordable housing overseas in significant metropolitan areas to stave off an apartment bubble, banks and regulators have restricted lending to filter out speculators and ordinary people with bad credit.[263] Author after approaching middle age in the early 2020s, the majority of older american millennials entered the housing market. A survey commissioned by cnbc found that by february 2021, 59% of people born between 1981 and 1988 owned their own home. Many of this type have owned a home for more than 5 years, at the same time that the vast majority used a mortgage to finance their purchase. However, the study also found that 28% of people in that age range were renting while 12% were still living with a distant relative or other family. Members of this cohort are less likely to be homeowners than their elders at the same age. Persons with improved education are much more willing to own a house than those who do not. Blacks and hispanics are less likely to be homeowners than their white counterparts. The most popular reason for respondents not applying at home was lack of sufficient savings.[264] From the late 1990s to the late 2010s, education changed the economic realities of countries around the world . As the developing countries become more educated, they narrow the gap between themselves and the developed world. Consequently, westerners have lost their relative advantage in education because there are more people with high school diplomas in the world than in the past before; there has also been a significant increase in the number of tourists with bachelor's and advanced degrees. Westerners who graduated from high school only saw their incomes drop in real terms over the same period, while the incomes of people with university degrees barely increased by eye. Also, the fact that many jobs can be done remotely thanks to advanced technology has further undermined the relative advantage of education in the west, leading to an allergic reaction to immigration and globalization.[16] How much more and more women are being educated in developing countries, more women are leaving the countryside for the cities, starting to work and compete with men, causing discontent among men in these countries.[16] State support for the entire educational process (for domestic students) in the oecd in 2011, see the diagram below. In europe In sweden, universities are free of charge as in norway, denmark, iceland and finland. However, swedish students tend to end up heavily in debt due to the marginal cost of living in their country, especially in major metropolitan areas such as stockholm. The ratio of debt to expected income after issuance for the swedes was about 80% in 2013. In the united states, despite ongoing talk of unbelievable student debt, the figure was 60%. Moreover, about seven out of eight swedes leave school with debt, compared to half in the united states.In the 2008-09 academic year, virtually all swedish students benefit from government-sponsored financial aid packages from a government agency known as centrala studiestödsnämnden (centrala studiestödsnämnden). Csn), which include loans at minimal interest rates with a long repayment schedule (25 years or until the student reaches the age of 60). In sweden, student aid is based on their own income, while in some other countries, including germany or the us, such aid is based on the parents' income, as adults are expected to help pay for the education fees of their own children. In the 2008-09 academic year, australia, austria, japan, the netherlands, and new zealand increased both the average tuition fees at their public universities for local full-time students and the percentage of students who benefited from state-sponsored programs. Helping students against the backdrop of 1995. America saw an increase in the former, not the latter.[265] In 2005, judges in karlsruhe, germany, struck down a ban on university fees as unconstitutional on the grounds that they violated the constitutional right of the german states to regulate their personal systems. This ban was introduced to ensure equal access to higher education regardless of socioeconomic status. Bavaria's science minister thomas goppel told the associated press: „the fee will help preserve the quality of universities. Supporters of the fee argued that the page would help alleviate the financial burden of universities and encourage students to study more efficiently, despite not covering the full cost of around 8,500 euros.“ As of 2005. It was difficult for people to study and graduate on time.[266] germany also suffered from a brain drain, as many talented researchers went abroad, while relatively few foreign students were required to come to our country. This leads to the decline of german research institutions. [267] In the 1990s, due to financial difficulties and the fact that universities in other countries charged for education, british universities demanded that the government allow them to charge fees. In autumn 1998, £1,000 was introduced. Since not all parents could pay all the fees right away, monthly payment options, loans and grants were available. The rate for a diploma can scare off applicants. It turned out not to be so. In 1998, the number of applications decreased by only 3%, and most often, this is due to mature students, not 18-year-olds.[268] In 2012, the tuition rate in in the form of £9,000. However, the fact that a number of individual states called for a ban on this type of interest in higher education grew more rapidly than the population of the uk. In 2017, almost half of young people in the uk have completed their tertiary education by the age of 30. Prime minister tony blair set a goal for half of young britons to have a voucher in 1999, although the 2010 deadline was missed.[269] what the prime minister did not realize, however, was that a surfeit of young generations with high standards of education has historically precipitated periods of political instability and unrest in societies ranging from early post-christmas western europe and late tokugawa japan to the soviet union, modern-day iran. And the usa.[270][271] anyway, the demand for higher education in the united kingdom remained high at the dawn of the new century, driven by the need for highly skilled workers from both the public and private sectors. However, the gender gap has widened. As of 2017, women were more likely to attend or have attended universities than men, by 55% versus 43%, a difference of 12 percentage points.[269] In oceania and north america In australia, the rate for education in universities was launched in 1989. Despite this, the number of applicants has increased significantly. By the 1990s, newlyweds and their families could pay 37% of the cost, up from a quarter in the late 1980s. The most expensive subjects were law, medicine and dentistry, followed by natural sciences, and after virtuosity and social sciences. Under the new funding scheme, the australian government has also limited the number of people with the prerogative to acquire higher education, allowing schools to recruit more well-funded (though not necessarily capable) students.[268] According to pew research center, in 2002, 53% of american millennials were in or enrolled in college. As an example, in 1986 the number of young people attending universities was 44%[272]. According to the economist, by 2020, 39% of millennials have held at least a bachelor's degree, more than 25% of baby boomers.[273] historically, university students were more likely to be male than female. The difference was especially great in the second half of the twentieth century, when the number of students increased dramatically compared to the 1940s. This trend continues into the twenty-first century. “But”: at the turn of the new millennium, everything began to change. In the late 2010s, the situation changed. Increasingly, women are more likely to enter higher education than men. This year, 30% of each gender were university students.[274] Today, in the united states, high school students are generally encouraged to attend colleges or universities after graduation. Technical school and vocational training are often neglected.[233] historically, secondary schools have divided students along career paths, with programs geared towards students seeking to graduate from higher education and those seeking to work. Students with learning or behavioral problems were often sent to vocational schools. Everything changed, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, thanks to the active efforts of big cities to provide an increasingly abstract academic education. The mission of comprehensive schools was to prepare students for college, the so-called „high school in harvard.“ But this program has faltered in the 2010s as higher education institutions have been subjected to heightened skepticism through high costs and disappointing results. People have become more puzzled about debt and deficits. Promises to educate “citizens of the world” or estimates of economic impact resulting from abstruse calculations were no longer sufficient. Colleges and universities found it necessary to prove their own worth by specifying how much money from which industry and company funds research and how much it costs to participate in it .[276] Because jobs (that suited what the person was studying) proved so hard to come by five to seven years after the great recession, the value of getting a liberal arts degree and studying the liberal arts in the american university has been called into question, their ability to develop a comprehensive and high qualification without paying attention to it.[277] as of 2019, total college debt has exceeded $1.5 trillion and two out of three college graduates are saddled with debt. The average borrower owes $37,000, $10,000 more than just recently. A survey conducted by td ameritrade last year found that more than 18% of millennials (and a third of gen zers) said they were considering implementing a school-college break[278] In 2019 louis federal reserve bank released a study (using 2016 consumer finance survey data) demonstrating that, after adjusting for racial and age cohorts, parents with heads of households born before 1980 and income supplements , while for households with heads of households born after 1980, the wealth premium has declined to a statistically insignificant level (due in part to rising higher education costs), and the income premium, while remaining positive, has declined. To an all-time low (with a very pronounced downward trajectory for heads of households with advanced degrees)[279]. Quantitative historian peter turchin noted that the united states overproduced college graduates—he called it elite overproduction—at the turn of the century, and predicted, using historical trends, that this would be one of the factors in the development of political instability in the current years, along with income inequality, stagnation. Or a reduction in real wages, an increase in public debt. According to turchin, increased competition between graduates, the number of which exceeded the fact that the economy could absorb, ends with political polarization, social fragmentation and even violence, due to the fact that the majority are dissatisfied with their vague prospects, despite the fact that they received a high level education. He warned that the turbulent 1960s and 1970s were returning, as the presence of a large college-educated young population was one of the main reasons for the instability of the past.[271] According to the american of the academy of arts and sciences students refused humanitarian programs. Between 2012 and 2015, the number of liberal arts graduates dropped from 234,737 to 212,512. Consequently, many schools have abandoned these subjects, fired teachers, or closed entirely. Data from the national center for education statistics found that between 2008 and 2017, the number of people learning english dropped by just over a quarter.At the same time, all those involved in philosophy and religion decreased by 22%, and those who studied foreign languages - by 16%. However, the number of students in institutions focused on national security, science, technology, engineering and mathematics (stem) and health care has increased dramatically. (See the figure below.)[281] According to the us department of education, professionals with a technical or sensory background are somewhat more likely to be employed than those with a bachelor's degree, and significantly more almost always for work in the specialty.[233] the united states is currently suffering from a shortage of skilled professionals.[233] Despite the fact that teachers and political leaders such as president barack obama have tried for years to improve the quality of stem education in the united states, and that various surveys have shown that more students are interested in these typefaces every year, earning a stem degree is a completely different matter. According to the atlantic, between 2003 and 2009, 48% of stem students dropped out of their programs.[283] data collected by the university of california, los angeles (ucla) in 2011 showed that while these students typically came in with solid high school gpas and sat scores, among science and engineering students, including pre-medical students, 60 % changed their specialty. Or failed to get into double the dropout rate for any other majors combined. Despite their initial fondness for high school, many university students find themselves overwhelmed by the reality of a rigorous stem education.[282] some are mathematically inexperienced,[282][283] while others are simply lazy.[282] the national science council also sounded the alarm in the mid-1980s that students often forgot why they wanted to be scientists and engineers in the first place. Many bright students were comfortable in high school when they failed to develop good educational habits. By contrast, chinese, indian and singaporean students view math and science professionally from an early age. Furthermore, from the point of view of educational experts, many school math teachers were not as well versed in the available subjects as they should be, and could actually feel uncomfortable with math.[283] having two students who are equally prepared, a person who goes to another prestigious university is less likely to order a stem document than anyone who is educated in a less complex school. Competition can beat even the best students. Meanwhile, inflated grades are a real phenomenon in the humanities, giving students a good alternative if their stem ambitions prove too difficult to achieve. While the stem classes build on top of one another—you have to memorize the subject before moving on to the next course—and provide colorful answers, this is not the case in the humanities, where things are noticeably less clear. [282] In 2015, educational psychologist jonathan vai analyzed the average scores of the 1946 army classification test (10,000 students), the 1952 selective service college qualification examination (38,420), project talent in the very early 1970s (400,000), the final exam from 2002 to 2005 (over 1.2 million) and sat math and verbal in 2014 (1.6 million). Wai found one consistent pattern: those with the highest test scores tended to choose physics and engineering as their majors, while those with the most liberal ones were more likely to choose education. (See figure below.)[284][285] In the 2010s, the mental health of american graduate students as a whole was: in crisis.[286] Historical knowledge A survey of 1,350 people conducted in february of this year showed that 66% of american millennials (and 41% of all american adults) did not know what auschwitz was,[ 287 ], while 41% incorrectly claimed that 2 million jews or less were killed in the holocaust, and 22% said they had never heard of the holocaust.[288] more than 95% of american millennials did not decide that part of the holocaust took place in the baltic states, which lost most of their pre-war jewish society, and 49% did not get the opportunity to name a single nazi concentration camp or ghetto in german. -Occupied europe.[289][290] however, at least 93% of those surveyed believe that teaching the holocaust in college is important, and 96% say that the holocaust took place.[291] Yougov poll found that 42% of american millennials there is such a person about mao zedong, who ruled china from 1949 to 1976, and was responsible for the deaths of 20-45 million people; another 40% are not familiar with che guevara.[292][293] Health and well-being According to a 2018 cancer research uk report, millennials in the united kingdom want to move towards getting the most high rates of overweight and obesity, along with current data showing that millennials will overtake the baby boomer generation in this regard, making millennials the heaviest generation since the start of current records. The uk cancer study reports that more than 70% of millennials will be overweight or obese by the age of 35-45, compared with 50% of baby boomers who were overweight or obese at the same age.[294][295][296 ]Despite the fact that most strokes affect people aged 65 years and older, and the chance of having a stroke only doubles every ten years after age 55, anyone can get a stroke in people of any age. Age groups. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, causing neurons to die within five minutes, resulting in irreparable brain damage, disability, or even death. According to statistics from the centers for checking and diseases of the mouth and dentistry (cdc), stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in america. According to the national stroke association, the risk of stroke increases among young boys and girls (from 20 greens up to 30 years old and even among boys. During the 2010s, the number of young people hospitalized for stroke increased by 44%. Health officials say this development is driven by a host of lifestyle causes, including obesity, smoking, alcoholism, and lack of exercise. % Of young americans were obese, five to ten years later, that number had risen to 36% at most 80% of strokes can be prevented by making healthy lifestyle choices, while the rest are due to factors beyond the control of traders, and specifically with age and genetic defects (such as congenital heart disease).In addition, from 30 to 40% of young patients suffered from cryptogenic infections heart attacks or strokes of unknown cause.[297] According to a 2019 report from the american college of cardiology, the prevalence of heart attacks among americans under the age of 40 increased by an average of two percent per year in the previous year. Decade. Approximately one in five heart attack patients is in this age group. And this despite the fact that americans as a whole have experienced fewer heart attacks than faster, due in part to the decline in smoking. The consequences of a heart attack were much worse for younger patients who also had diabetes. In addition to everyday risk factors for heart attacks, namely diabetes, high blood pressure, and a family history, the little heroes also reported marijuana and cocaine use, but less frequently alcohol use.[298] Dental health Millennials struggle with dental health – and oral health. More than 30% of young people have untreated cavities (the highest of any age group), 35% experience biting and chewing problems, and about 38% of this generation consider life generally “less satisfactory” due to dental and oral health issues . .[299] Sports & fitness Fewer american millennials follow sports than their generation x predecessors,[300] according to mckinsey, millennials as opposed to 45 percent of generation x are dedicated sports fans. However, this trend is not the same for all sports; the gap is closing for the national basketball association, the ultimate fighting championship, the english premier league and college sports. For example, a survey conducted in 2013 showed that entry into the field of mixed martial arts has increased in modern times and was more in demand and popular than boxing and wrestling among americans in the age range from 18 to 34 years, unlike those who mature 35 ages and older preferred boxing. 302] in the united states, while american football and the national football league have declined in popularity among millennials, association football and major league soccer have grown in popularity among millennials more than any other generation and, as of 2018, was the second most popular. Sport among people aged eighteen to 34 years.[303][304] Regarding millennial participation in sports, popular or new activities among millennials, including boxing,[305] cycling,[306] [307] running[ 308] and swimming[309], in a bygone era, other sports, including golf, are in decline among millennials.[310][311] the 2018 physical activity council involvement report found that in the united states, millennials are more likely than other generations to engage in water sports such as stand-up rowing, sailing, and clicking. According to a 2017 survey of 30,999 americans, about half of millennials in the united states were engaged in high-calorie activities and about a quarter were sedentary. A 2018 report from the physical activity council found that millennials were more active than baby boomers in 2017. It was reported that 35% of millennials and nation x were „active to a healthy level“, but millennials as a whole were more active than generation x. This is generation x in 2017. To earn them on their account in classmates, vk or facebook and political views were more or less the same as their parents. 21% considered their personality to be more liberal and 7% more conservative. According to demographer and political scientist philip longman, “even among baby boomers, those who had children because of this turned out to be surprisingly similar to their parents in relation to “family” values” [314]. Most returning servicemen hoped to „make a home and start a family“ with individual wives and mistresses, and for many men, family history was a source of satisfaction and a refuge from the stress of their careers. Living in the late 1940s and 1950s was centered around the family, and the family was centered around children. Researchers found that while only 9% of teenagers who identify with the republican party consider themselves to be more conservative than their parents, compared to 77% who share the views of their parents, 25% of teenagers who identify themselves with the democratic party, and 28% politically independent teenagers said that the models are more liberal than their parents. Another 2004 gallup poll of the same generation found that a clear majority of teenagers considered themselves politically moderate, 56%. Only 7% and 18% considered themselves very conservative or conservative respectively, while 10% and 6% considered themselves liberal or very liberal respectively. (A histogram roughly resembles a gaussian distribution or an isosceles triangle with a firmness around moderates. See right.) Comparing with a 2004 survey of americans aged eighteen and beyond, gallup found that teenagers are significantly more moderate than adults (from 56 % to 38%). ), Less conservative (from 25% to 40%) and somewhere just as liberal (from 16% to 19%).[314] however, political scientist elias dinas, after examining the results of a panel study of political socialization and supporting information from the united kingdom and in america, found that while children born to politically engaged parents tended to be politically engaged themselves, those who in 2013 the economist saw that, like their british counterparts, millennials in america were more positive about the recognition of same-sex marriage than older demographic cohorts.[317] however, a 2018 survey conducted by harris on behalf of the lgbt rights group glaad found that, without looking back at exactly what they are often called the most tolerant segment of society, people between the ages of eighteen and 34 are the majority of millennials and the oldest of the generation. Z became less tolerant. Lgbt in front of competitors previous times. Now 63% of americans of this generation said that she is comfortable communicating with representatives of the lgbt community; this, the number fell to 53% in 2017, and after to 45% in 2018. Still, more people reported discomfort upon finding out that a family member is lgbt (from 29% in 2017 to 36% this year) when a child is lgbt schooled. History (30 to 39%) or having an lgbt doctor (27% to 34%). Harris discovered that young women were the driver of this development; their overall comfort level has dropped from 64% this year to 52% this year. The overall drop in comfort levels seemed to be sharpest among older citizens aged 18 to 34 between 2016 and 2018. Or their (grandchildren) took lgbt history classes during the same period, although this year the level of discomfort increased dramatically.) [318] the results of this harris poll were quoted on the 50th anniversary of the riots that broke out in the stonewall inn [318] city of new york york, june 1969, is considered the start of the lgbt rights movement.[319] at the time, homosexuality was considered a mental illness or a crime in many us states.[319] In 2018, gallup conducted a survey of almost 14,000 americans across the 50 us and county.Colombia at the age of 18 and after on their political sympathies. They found that almost the younger generation are resorting to liberalism, while older people are working to conservatism. For example, groups with strong conservative views included older people, people from the midwest and the south, and people with some degree in education or no pump. Groups with strong liberal leanings included adults with advanced degrees, however, groups with moderate liberal leanings included youth (eighteen to 29 and 30 to 49), women, and easterners. Gallup found little difference across income groups compared to the citywide average. Gallup found that among adults aged 18 to 29, generation z, and young millennials, 30% identified themselves as liberal, 40% as moderate, and 26% as conservative. They suddenly found that among adults aged 30 to 49 years old - older millennials and relative to youth x - 30% identify themselves as liberals, 37% as moderates, and 29% as conservatives (see above). Increased from 17% to 26%, mostly due to the moderate group. But the proportion of conservatives did not change at all, albeit with fluctuations. Between 1994 and 2018, the number of members of the democratic party who consider themselves liberals rose from 25% to 51%, as the number of both moderates and conservatives gradually decreased. Liberals first became a majority in this political party in 2018. During the same period, in the republican party, the proportion of people who call themselves conservatives rose from 58% to 73%, while the number of moderates and liberals declined. In other words, the conservative majority has increased in the specified political party. By the way, among the autonomous from political forces, the percentage of moderates, the dominant group, remained only unchanged. A research lab has discovered that millennials and generation z hold similar views on various political and social issues. Namely, 56% of millennials think that climate change is real and can be attributed to the activities of the viewer, and only 8% reject the scientific consensus on climate conditions. 64% wanted the government to play a more active role in addressing their concerns. 65% were indifferent to premarital cohabitation. 48% do not consider single motherhood to be either positive or negative for society. 61% consider increased ethnic or racial diversity to be a boon for all people. 47% did the same for same-sex marriages and 53% for interracial marriages. (See chart.) More often than not, millennials tend to hold very different views than the silent generation, with baby boomers and generation x in between. However, in the case of two-parent financial commitment, a significant number of multi-generational respondents responded, that it should be divided: 58% for the silent generation, 73% for baby boomers, 78% for generation x and 79% % for both millennials and generation z. In absolutely all generations surveyed, at least 84% believed that both parents should be responsible for raising children. Very few believed that fathers should have the primary responsibility for caring for children.[321] In 2015, a pew research study found that 40% of millennials in the united states supported the government's restriction on public speaking that was offensive to groups minorities. Support for limiting offensive speech was lower than for women, with 27% of gen xers, 24% of baby boomers, and only 12% of the silent generation supporting such limits. Pew research noted similar age trends in the united kingdom, but not in germany and spain, where millennials were less supportive of curbing offensive language than adults. France, italy, and poland did not show significant age differences.[322] in the us and uk, young millennials made a difference during the 2010s – in raising awareness about microaggressions and advocating for safe spaces and trigger warnings in the university environment. Critics of such changes have raised concerns about their impact on free speech, arguing that unoriginal changes may encourage censorship, while proponents have described such changes as promoting inclusiveness.[323][324] A gallup 2018 a poll showed that older people aged 18 to 29 are more favorable towards socialism than capitalism, from 51% to 45%. Nationally, 56% of americans prefer capitalism compared to 37% who support socialism. Older americans invariably prefer capitalism to socialism. Whether the current attitudes of millennials and gen z towards capitalism and socialism will persist or disappear as they mature remains to be seen.[325] Galup surveys conducted in the current realities showed that 62% of people aged 18 to 29 years old - older gen z and younger millennials - support women having access to abortions, while 33% are against. State regulations and laws, the older a person was, the less likely they were to support abortion. 56% of people aged 65 and older disapproved of abortion compared to 37% who did. (See chart at right.) In 2018, gallup found that across the country, americans are divided on the issue of abortion, with a similarly impressive number identifying themselves as „pro-existence“ or pro-choice, 48%. / >In his 2003 doctoral dissertation, social psychologist jason wieden conducted a statistical analysis of public record sets and young people, and came to conclusions that support the hypothesis that attention to abortion is even greater is predetermined by the pairing-relevant variables. Than on variables related to understanding the sanctity of life.[327] some evolutionary psychologists and sociologists say that different mating strategies are in direct strategic conflict - a zero-sum game - and therefore can affect political beliefs. For example, the stability of long-term partnerships may be threatened by the availability of short-term sexual opportunities. For example, federal programs that impose costs on casual sex may benefit people with long-term mating strategies by reducing opportunities for short-term mating outside of a serious relationship. A similar system of operation includes a ban on abortion and recreational drug use. This connection remained strong even in the control of their own laziness, political orientation and spiritual values. In contrast, non-sexual variables, commonly associated with attitudes towards drug legalization, were heavily attenuated or excluded when controlling for measures evoked by sexuality. The results achieved have been replicated in belgium, japan and the netherlands. Up to 36, respectively, is statistically no different from the joint population. According to gallup statistics, 57% of americans are in favor of tougher gun control laws.[330] in a 2017 survey, pew found that among the 18 to 29 age group, 27% personally owned a gun and 16% lived with a gun owner, for a total of 43% lived in a household with at least one gun. In all cities of ukraine, a similar percentage of adult americans lived in a household with a weapon (41%). Opinions of various components of the federal government. They found that 54% of citizens aged 18 to 29 wanted more and more government, compared to 43% who preferred less government and fewer services. Expansion of government compared to 49% who chose the second method. Older people were more likely to dislike larger government. By regulation, americans are still divided by the size and reach of government, with 48% prefer a smaller government with fewer services, and 46% prefer a larger government and more services. They observed that the actual federal agencies were the us postal service (90%), the national park service (86%), nasa (81%), the cdc (80%), the fbi (70%), the census service. Bureau (69%), ssa (66%), cia and federal reserve (65%). Between the postal service, the national park service, nasa, the cia, the census bureau, there are practically no partisan differences. Of residents, 72% of americans aged 18 to 44 — generations x, y (millennials) and z — believed that climate change protection could become a personal responsibility challenge, the very moment that 61% of older americans did one. In addition, 42% of adult americans in age changes up to 45 believe that the united states can realistically retrain at the maximum% renewable energy by 2050, while 29% consider it unrealistic, and 29% doubt it. These rates for older americans are 34%, 70%, and 25%, respectively. Differences of opinion are related to education, as younger americans are likely to learn about the rising climate in colleges than their elders. As of 2019, only 17% of electricity in this country is generated from renewable energy sources, of which 7% comes from hydroelectric dams, a sixth from wind turbines and 1% from solar panels. No rivers for loyal dams. However, nuclear power plants generate no more than 20%, but their number is declining due to the fact that they are decommissioned but not replaced.[334] Early 2019 harvard university policy institute conducted a survey among young girls and boys.Aged 18 to 29 - millennials and the first wave of generation z - what they plan to make the priorities of us foreign policy. They realized that the main concerns for such voters were combating terrorism and human rights security (both 39%), and protecting the effects of rain and snow (34%). Preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and protecting us allies were not so necessary for young american voters. The survey showed that support for universal single-payer health care and free college dropped from 8% to 47% and from 5% to 51%, if cost estimates are issued.[335] voting Millennials are more likely to vote than the first generations, when the information was at the same age. Since the percentage of voters was slightly below 50% for the four presidential cycles before year 17, they did outperform gen xers of the same age who had only 36%.[336] Pew research described millennials as playing a significant role in the election of barack obama as president of the united states. During the 2008 state presidential elections, millennials were between 12 and 27 years old.[47] that year, the number of voters between the ages of eighteen and 29 who chose a democratic candidate was 66%, a record since 1980. The total share of voters who supported the president's party was 53%, which is another record. By the way, only 31% of voters in this age group supported john mccain, who received only 46% of the vote. Among millennials, obama received the votes of 54% white, 95% black, and 72% hispanic. There was no significant difference between those who had a higher education, including those who did not, but millennial women voted for obama more often than men (69% vs. 62%). Among voters between the ages of eighteen and 29, 45% identified with the democratic party, at the time after 26% sided with the republican party, a gap of 19%. Already in 2000, 2 major american political parties divided the voices of this generation. It was a significant shift in the american political landscape. Millennials gave not only their votes, but also the enthusiasm that marked the 2008 election. They voluntarily took an active part in political campaigns and donated money.[337] however, that millennial enthusiasm has all but faded by the new electoral cycle, with older voters showing more interest.[338] in 2012, when americans re-elected barack obama, the gap in voter participation between a couple over the age of 65 and people between the ages of eighteen and 24 was 31%.[339] pew polls a year earlier showed that while millennials preferred barack obama to mitta romney (61% vs. 37%), members of the silent generation leaned towards romney over obama (54% vs. 41%). But if you look only at white millennials, pew discovered that obama's edge, which he enjoyed in 2008, was gone, as they were divided among several candidates.[338] Although millennials are one of the largest voting blocs in the us, their turnout was below parity. Between the mid-2000s and mid-2010s, millennial voting participation was consistently lower than their older counterparts, ranging from 46% to 51%. In comparison, turnout for generation x and baby boomers has risen over the same span. Time from 60% to 69% and 41% to 63% respectively, while the turnout of the oldest voters remained stable at 69% or more. Millennials are still a powerful force in the polls, but it may be years before their participation reaches their numerical potential, as young people invariably vote less frequently than their elders.[340] moreover, despite the hype around political activism and a possible record turnout among young voters, the right to vote of millennials is even weaker than it first seemed, due to the relatively larger number of non-citizens (12% as of 2019). According to william frey of the brookings institution.[341] In general, the phenomenon of growing political distrust and disengagement in the united states is similar to the assurances that have been occurring in europe since the last couple of decades of the twentieth century, although holidays such as the watergate scandal, or the threat of impeachment against president bill clinton, is unique in america. Such an atmosphere reduces the turnout of young voters. Among voters in the eighteen to 24 age group, turnout dropped from 51% in 1964 to 38% in the twelfth year. The same period. Political scientists roger itwell and matthew goodwin have argued that it is therefore unrealistic for hillary clinton to expect a high turnout among millennials now. This political environment also makes voters more likely to consider political outsiders like bernie sanders and donald trump.The brookings institution has predicted that after 2016, millennials will be able to influence the way politics is conducted in the two-party system of the united states, it must be taken into account that tv shows more often identify themselves as liberals or conservatives than as democrats or republicans, respectively. Specifically, although trump supporters were clearly enthusiastic about their candidate, the number of young voters identifying with the republican party did not increase.[342] Bernie sanders, self-described democratic socialist and democratic nominee in the u.S. Presidential election this year was the most popular candidate among millennial voters in the primary, garnering more votes from people under 30 in 21 states than the mainstream candidates donald trump and hillary clinton combined. [343] according to the brookings institution, voter turnout in the 18-29 age range in the 2016 elections was 50%. Hillary clinton won 55% of the vote in this age group, and donald trump 37%. Polls taken just before the election found millennial blacks and hispanics worried about a potential trump presidency. In contrast, trump enjoyed support among white youth, especially among men. There was also a gap in enthusiasm for both major candidates. While 32% of young trump supporters were in awe of the possibility of food making a toy become president, only 18+% of clinton supporters said it all. The reservation institute found that among trump voters in the eighteen to 29 age group, 15% were white women with a college degree, 18% were without, 14% were white men with a college degree, and 32% were without a college degree. , Which together is 79%. These groups made up only 48% of clinton voters in the same age range. On the other hand, a total of 52% of clinton voters between the ages of eighteen and 29 were non-whites with a narrow education (17%) and non-whites without one (35%).[342] clinton's chances of success were hampered by low turnout of college-educated minorities and millennials and youth. That hour, trump voters were 41% white millennials. Such actions, by definition, didn't take degrees, worked full-time, and were much less likely to be financially insecure than those each of us supported trump. Contrary to the claim that young americans felt comfortable with the ongoing transformation of their country's ethnic makeup through immigration, not all of them approve of this change, no matter what this ethnically diverse cohort is.[344] after all, trump received more votes from whites between the ages of eighteen and 29 than the first polls suggested. Is an ephemeral phenomenon due to „angry white old people“ who will inevitably be replaced by younger and more optimal voters.[344] especially since the 1970s, working-class voters who once formed the backbone of support for president franklin d. Roosevelt's new deal have been turning away from the left-wing democratic party towards the right-wing republican party. As the democratic party tried to become more women-friendly in the 1990s, more workers and non-degrees left. Political scientist larry bartels has said that since about a quarter of democratic supporters hold social views more in line with those of republican voters, and since no one can guarantee that millennials will retain their current political views due to life cycle effects, such a process of political adjustment will be more likely just continue. As in the case of europe, there are potential pockets of support for national populism among young people. The most recent 3 months (and also before this year's midterms) showed that overall support for the democratic party among such voters fell by nine percent between 2016 and 2018 and that a growing number support the republican party's approach to the economy. Opinion polls have shown that white millennials, especially men, were the cause of these changes. In 2016, 47% of white youth said they would vote for a sane party, compared to 33% for the republican party, i.E. A gap of 14% at the expense of the democrats. However, in the current year this gap has disappeared, and enough figures amounted to 39% for any party. For young white men, the shift was even more dramatic. Recently, 48% said they would vote for the normal party and 36% for the republican party. However, by 2018, these statistics were 37% and 46%, respectively.Despite the fact that almost two out of three young voters did not approve of the actions of republican president donald trump[345]. According to the pew research center, only 27% of millennials approved of the trump presidency, the same moment as 65% disapproved that year.[346] British millennials In their personal youth at the very beginning of the new millennium, british millennials were generally considered a relatively politically uninterested generation. Turnout in general elections in the united kingdom has fallen sharply since the millennium, with youth participation appearing to be at its lowest. The majority of people aged 18 to 24 failed to vote in the 2001, 2005 and 2010 general elections, while in 2005 participation reached an all-time low among this generation of 38.2%. A british opinion poll found that the proportion of people aged 20 greens to 30 who identified with a fixed political party fell from 85% in 1983 to 66% in 2012.[351] later, various political events such as the scottish independence referendum in 2014[352], the european union membership referendum in 2016[353] and the 2017 general election,[354] generated interest among millennials, although voter turnout remained below average. Up to the end of the 20th century. Demographic groups. They advocated individual freedom, small government, low taxes, limited social welfare programs, and personal responsibility. While support for expanded welfare programs for the poor through potentially higher taxes has steadily declined since the 1980s among all living demographic cohorts in europe, generation y disapproved of such spending schemes the most, according to ipsos mori and a uk study. Social settings. On the other hand, they were more relaxed about alcohol intake, euthanasia, same-sex marriage and drug legalization. They did not like immigration, however, less than their elders. Who were more likely than their elders to support government debt reduction. They thought about the environment, not at the expense of economic prosperity, and supported the privatization of housing and communal services. In other words, toys were made by classical liberals or libertarians. Ipsos contributor ben page told the economist: „each successive generation is less collectivistic than the last.“ Found that 73% of the state supported the legalization of same-sex marriage and only 15% opposed. 41% strongly or partially supported the legalization of „soft“ drugs like cannabis, while 46% strongly or partially opposed. The five most popular political parties among young britons were the labor party (23%), the conservative party (12%), the liberal democratic party (7%), the green party (7%) and the united kingdom independence party (6%). 19% of british youth do not identify with any party. When asked which politician they admire, 77% answered “no”, followed by boris johnson (4%). 59% signed the petition. 47% voted in local or national elections, and 19% contacted a politician representing them. Overall, 60% have a negative attitude towards the british political system. 12% find british immigration laws too harsh, 54% find them too lenient, and 16% find them acceptable. About a third imagine that taxes and official costs are too high. 22% said that such measures are not enough, and 5th share believes that the accommodations were almost correct. 34% think social security benefits are too generous and phone calls should be cut. 22% said that they are few and telephone numbers should be increased, while 24% believe that the models have found the right balance. Nearly more than three-quarters agreed that the welfare system was often abused, and 63% felt that those who really needed you were branded as „freeloaders.“ Overall 40% were proud and 46% were not proud of the current british welfare system. About 39% believe that the current social security system is financially unsustainable and needs to be cut, while 49% tend to believe that the status quo is in order. Overall, 65% were very or too proud of the uk armed forces, 62% of the british broadcasting corporation (bbc), 77% of the national health service (nhs). 57% thought it was possible to leave nhs free at the time of service, and 26% thought nhs would generally have to charge people to stay afloat.[107] According to data from in a yougov poll just before the uk's brexit referendum this year, nearly three-quarters of voters aged 18 to 24 opposed leaving the eu. While just under one-fifth supported leaving.64% of britons between the ages of 25 and 29 and 61% between the ages of 30 and 35 percent said they would like to stay in the eu[356]. While 34% of pensioners wanted to stay, and 59% wanted to leave.[355] older people were more likely to vote[356] and vote to leave[355]. One of the reasons for this generational gap is the fundamentally different environment in which millennial voters grew up. Many voters came of age in years when britain was less ethnically diverse, when collective memories of the british empire and its victory in world war ii were strong, when most people did not attend universities and spent most of their formative years in a world where abortion and homosexuality were illegal and carried the death penalty. In contrast, millennials, most of whom supported the left-wing politician jeremy corbyn, grew up at a time when the united kingdom was a member of the eu, when university graduation was common when the political consensus favored immigration and eu membership. . But age is not a single cause, as voter data show.[344] After analyzing polling data, the wall street journal found that 19% of voters between the ages of eighteen and 24 either did not vote or were doubtful, as were 17% of voters in the age range from 25 to 49 years. Meanwhile, 10% of voters aged 50 to 64 and 6% of voters aged 65 and over abstained or were undecided. Entirely 52% (or 17.4 million) of british voters chose to leave the european union, and 48% (or 16.1 million) to get the eu[357]. The voter turnout was 72%, which is a significant figure, although not the highest in existence since the second world war, which was 84% in 1950. But, in 1950, only 28.8 million people voted, compared with about 33.6 million people in recent times.[358] however, this is the highest rate since 1992 as of 2019.[359] the fact that turnout in constituencies where the majority of millennials live was below average, while turnout in working-class districts rose above average, contributed to the outcome of the brexit referendum. Opinion polls have often underestimated the political power of working-class voters because such users are usually under-represented in the samples. The circulating reports of the victory of the remaining side created a sense of complacency among those who wanted britain to remain in the european union, and a sense of urgency for those who wanted to leave.[339] although young people tend to be european the union is more favorable, it would be a mistake to believe that they are all used against brexit for certain types of food, and for the same reasons. For example, your northern ireland is probably more concerned about the prospect of a physical border between that part of england and the republic of ireland than, for example, the loss of an opportunity to study in another country in continental europe under an eu-sponsored erasmus editor. [360] it is also incorrect to note that brexit supporters form a homogeneous group. In addition to many wealthy retirees, immigrants, and immigrant kids, a third of college graduates voted to leave.[138] as of 2017, about half of young british adults under the age of 30 were or are attending university, a higher percentage than previous generations.[269] A survey conducted by yougov in the spring of 2018 found that that 58% of britons aged 25% to 49 consider coming to their country to be “quite high” compared to 41% of those aged 18 to 24.[344] Despite notifications of in the 2015 and 2017 uk general election surge in young voter turnout, a statistical test by the british election survey found that the margin of error is too large to determine whether there was a significant increase or decrease in the number of young voters. In both situations, turnout among persons aged 18 to 24 ranged from 40% to fifty%. Winning the support of the youth does not necessarily lead to an increase in the turnout of young voters[361], and a positive reaction on social networks may not lead to electoral success[362]. Initial reports of a youth surge were generated based on polling evidence on the quality of constituencies, which offer a strong chance of over-representing voters, but not kingdom state. Moreover, higher turnouts tended to be in districts that already had a large youth population, both toddlers and college students, and it makes no sense that such surges were coming from younger voters. In 2017, there was indeed an increase in the overall voter turnout, but only by 2.5%.[361] a consistent trend in england and many other countries is that older people are more likely to vote than their slightly younger compatriots, and they tend to vote for more right-wing (or conservative) candidates.[361][362] ][341]The 2021 report notes that the popular conception of british millennial attitudes towards politics changed sometime after the end of the 2010s from indifference to “left”, social liberal or millennial socialism. The report, which examined the political attitudes of millennials and generation z adults, found a clear negative attitude towards the idea of capitalism and a high attitude towards the idea of socialism in the abstract. They too actively supported various socialist arguments, although capitalist counter-arguments sometimes received multiple support as well. Commentators sometimes suggest that there is a natural aspect of youthfulness that will pass as such enthusiasts „age“, although they have some evidence against this. An analysis of the results of the british election survey for the 1964 to 2019 general elections found that despite earlier age groups being more likely to vote conservative as they grew older, millennials did not seem to move in their direction, and in the article. About the analysis, they are described as „by far the least conservative 35-year-olds in history“. [363] the 2021 report also commented on this argument, meaning that the notion of a “20-year-old millennial” no longer threatens in 2021. The oldest millennials are already in their 40s and in a specific age group… Support for socialist causes remains alive and disease free. So we can't dismiss these people's opinions with phrases like „they're just going through a phase“ or they'll grow out of it“ as if they were referring to a teenager in a che guevara t-shirt. It is true that socialist ideas are most common among young people, but they are „young“ in a huge sense - „young“ in the sense of „people up to 40 years old“, but not „young“ in the sense of „recently graduated from school“ Canadian millennials Historically, the participation of young canadian voters in political life has been low, not exceeding 40%.[364] however, last year's federal elections were an exception, when 57% of respectable persons from 18 to 34 years old voted. Canadian millennials played an important role in the election of justin trudeau as prime minister of canada. Although stephen harper and the conservative party received about the same number of votes as in 2011, the surge in youth votes was enough to propel trudeau to the peak. His main campaign message was centered on gender equality, tolerance, marijuana legalization, tackling the troubles of the changing seasons, and government transparency, in a bygone era like harper focused on tax cuts. But political scientist melanie thomas of the university of calgary warned that the electoral strength of this demographic should not be overestimated because millennials do not vote as a unit. While millennials tend to vote for left-wing candidates, some points on right-wing platforms may resonate with them, such as a high but affordable quality of life.[365] Poll conducted in 2018. 4,000 canadian millennials conducted by abacus data noticed that 54% of those surveyed support socialism and 46% support capitalism. Most want to tackle climate change, reduce poverty and adopt a more open immigration policy, but the most important were microeconomic issues such as housing affordability, cost of living, health care and job market uncertainty. ] Housing affordability is considered a key policy issue for inexperienced canadians, whether they are in urban, suburban or rugged canada. Since a clear majority supports government interventionism, they are generally tolerant of deficit spending.[203] According to sean simpson of ipsos, humanity is more likely to vote when there is more at stake, such as children. To raise, a cottage to keep, or income tax to pay.[ 365] French millennials in france, the compulsory annual military service for the strong half was abolished in 1996 by president jacques chirac, who wanted to build professional military volunteers,[366] all people between the ages of 17 and 25 should, as always, participate in the day of protection and citizenship (journée d' appel de préparation à la défense, now journée défense et citoyenneté) when the data was submitted to the french armed forces and passed the language tests.An ifop poll last year found that 80% of french people support some form of compulsory service, military or civilian. The rationale behind the re-introduction of the national service was that „france needs powerful tools to promote integration, to mix younger generations of different social nationalities and levels, and in addition to instill republican values and national cohesion.“ At the same time, re-enlistment was popular; among the fans were 90% of the ump party, 89% of the national front (now the national rally), 71% of the socialist party and 67% of people between the ages of eighteen and 24, although they would suffer the most. This poll was taken after the charlie hebdo attacks. In previous years, it was estimated at 60%.[367] Other european millennials The period between the middle and the end of the last century can be characterized as the era of “mass politics ”, meaning that people were completely loyal to the chosen political party. The political debates usually focused on economic issues, such as the redistribution of wealth, taxation, jobs, and the role of government. But as countries have moved from an industrial economy to a post-industrial and globalized world, and if the twentieth century has become the twenty-first, the topics of political discourse have been replaced by other issues, and the polarization around competing values has intensified. At the same time that this new period of political evolution was taking place, a new cohort of voters entered the scene - millennials, and these people are specialists on old issues in a different way than their elders. Moreover, they are less likely than previous generations to identify (strongly) with a conventional political party. Way back to the 1960s, which witnessed the rise of the baby boomers, who were typically university-educated middle-class voters. At the same time that their predecessors in the 20th century - the lost generation, the greatest generation and the silent generation - were forced to endure terrible poverty and world wars, focusing on the economic situation or simple survival, the baby boomers benefited from an economically secure, in that case, if not wealthy, upbringing and than such, were subjected to „post-materialistic“ values. The main topics for political discussion at that time were quality products, such as the sexual revolution, civil rights, nuclear weapons, ethno-cultural diversity, environmental protection, european integration and the concept of „global citizenship“. Some major parties, especially the social democrats, have shifted to the left to accommodate these voters. In the twenty-first century, post-materialists have lined up for causes like lgbt rights, climate change, multiculturalism, and various social media political campaigns. Inglehart called it the „silent revolution“. However, not everyone approved of this, leading to what piero ignazi called a „quiet counter-revolution“. Fate, and as such have too different values.[368] education plays a huge role in the exchange's „cultural conflict“ because national populism is most attractive to those who completed high school but did not graduate, while the experience of the entire educational process has been shown to be associated with the presence of a socially liberal thinking. Degree holders tend to favor tolerance, individual rights, and group identity, while non-degree holders tend to conform and maintain order, national customs and traditions. At the same time that the number of western voters with university education continues to grow, in many democracies people without academic degrees still make up a large part of the electorate. According to the results of the oecd, this year the average proportion of voters in the age range from 25% to 64 years old without scabs in the european union was 66% of the population. In italy it exceeded 80%. In many major democracies, this could be france, although the representation of women and ethnic minorities in the corridors of power has increased, it is impossible to mention the representatives of the working class without advanced degrees.[368] By analyzing voter data , political scientists roger eatwell and matthew goodwin have found the popular narrative that the rise of national-populist movements seen in most of the western world to be mostly for angry old white men who will soon be replaced by younger, more sane voters is wrong. In a number of european democracies, national-populist political and political parties tend to be most in demand among voters under 40 years of age. In france, marine le pen and her national rally (formerly national front) won the most votes among voters under 40.From the age of majority and 35 at the very beginning of the 2017 presidential election round than all other candidates. In italy, matteo salvini and his liga have a base of support with virtually no gap between generations. In austria, more than one in two guys between the ages of eighteen and 29 voted for the freedom party this spring. The greatest support for the “alternative for germany” was provided not by pensioners, but by voters aged 25 to 50 years. The swedish democrats were the second most popular political party among voters aged 18 to 24 and the most popular among voters aged 35 to 54 until the 2018 swedish general election.[344] 13% of people aged 18-21 voted for the swedish democrats this year, according to svt. And 14% between the ages of 22 and 30, making insects the third largest consignment in both situations. This figure rose to 21% among solid persons aged 31 to 64, making insects the second largest in this age group.[369] Means of transport preferred Millennials in the united states of america weren't initially keen on getting a driver's license or owning a car due to new certification laws and the location of the economy when they are of age, but the oldest of them have already started buying cars in large numbers. Millennials have bought more cars and trucks this year than any living generation other than baby boomers; meanwhile, millennials overtook baby boomers in the number of car enthusiasts in california in their year. A working paper by economists christopher knittel and elizabeth murphy, then at mit and the national bureau of economic research, examined data from the us department of transportation's national home transportation survey, the state census bureau, and the american community survey to compare baby driving habits -boomers, generation x and the most obsolete millennials (born between 1980 and 1984). This showed that the seemingly popular story is true: american millennials own an estimated 0.4 fewer cars than their elders. However, when various factors were taken into account, even income, marital status, number of children and geographical location, there was no such difference. Certainly, given these factors, millennials actually travel greater distances than baby boomers. Economic factors, i.E. Affordable gas prices, higher incomes and the growth of the suburbs, lead to everything that millennials treat cars the same way as their predecessors. An analysis of the national household travel survey conducted by the state smart transportation initiative found that normal-income millennials drive fewer cars than their peers, likely for this reason that such measures can afford the more monetary cost of being in big cities. Who will take advantage of alternative means of transportation. Transport, including public auto and taxi service.[374] According to the pew research center, younger generations use taxis more often. This year, 21% of adults between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one used a taxi daily, almost daily, or weekly. By contrast, that number of all american adults was 11%.[375] across the country, about three-quarters of american commuters drive their own cars. Also, according to pew, 51% of american adults aged 18 to 29 used lyft or uber in 2018, up from 28% in 2015. Be urban dwellers, young (18-29 years old), college graduates and people with high incomes ($75,000 per year or more).[377] Religious beliefs in almost absolutely all western countries, the share of religious people began to fall when the first wave of baby boomers entered the professional life in the 1960s, and has also been declining since then. The children of baby boomers are often even less religious than the baby boomers themselves. Even america, which is very religious by western standards, cannot be considered an exception to the current trend, although the decline there was slower than in england [5]. However, there have been reports of renewed traditionalism in western europe.[378] millennials tend to consider themselves „spiritual, but not religious“ and sometimes resort to astrology, meditation, or mindfulness techniques, perhaps seeking meaning or emotion of control.[12] according to a 2015 analysis of the european values survey in the children and youth research handbook, “the majority of young respondents in european countries stated that other measures are related to the christian denomination,” and in many countries at times, most young people believe in god.”[379] however, according to the same analysis, “drastic declines” in the religious affiliation of young respondents have occurred and are occurring in england, sweden, france, italy, and denmark. On the contrary, an increase in religious affiliation occurred among the youth of respondents in the russian federation, our country and romania.[379] According to a 2013 yougov survey, almost a thousand britons aged between eighteen and 24 signed up. , 56% said they had never visited a place of worship in their lives other than a wedding or funeral. 25% said they put their trust in god, 19% in a „higher spiritual power“, and 38% said they don't actually believe in god or any other „higher spiritual power“. The poll also found that 14% consider religion to be the „cause of good“ in the world, while 41% consider religion to be the „cause of evil.“ 34% answered “neither one nor the other.”[107] a survey of british social attitudes found that 71% of britons aged 18 to 24 did not appear to be religious, and barely 3% belonged to the once-dominant church of england, 5% said they were catholic, and 14% said they belonged to another christian denominations.[380] In the us, millennials are the least religious compared to adults.[381] since the 1940s, there has been a growing trend towards godlessness[382]. According to a pew research study in year 12, 32 percent of americans aged 18-29 are non-religious, compared with 21 percent of those aged 30-49, 15 percent of those aged 50-64, and only 9 percent of age-change borns. 65 centuries and older[383]. A 2005 study of 1,385 signed-up users ranging in age from 18 to 25 found that more than half of the participants in the study said they systematically pray on an empty stomach. A third said the models discussed religion with real people, attended religious exploitations, and read weekly religious material. Twenty-three percent of those surveyed did not identify themselves as religious.[384] a 2010 pew research center study of millennials shows that of those aged between eighteen and 29, only 3% of these new adults identified themselves as „atheists“ and only 4% identified the company as „agnostics.“ While 68% of those aged 18 to 29 identified as „christian“ (43% identified as protestant and 22% identified as catholic). Overall, 25% of millennials cannot become “no, and 75% are religious.[385] seven years ago, social psychologists jason widen, adam cohen, and douglas kenrick analyzed datasets from surveys of state and university populations and found that sociosexual tendencies, in other words, mating strategies, play a more important role than anyone else in choosing the level of religiosity. Other social variables. In fact, when controlling for the structure of kinship and sexual relations, variables such as age, gender, and moral assurances in terms of sexuality lose their significance significantly in determining religiosity. In the context in the states, religiosity promotes the search for and maintenance of highly fertile, marriage-oriented, heterosexual, monogamous relationships. Thus, the central goals of religious visitation are the reproduction and education of children. However, this model of reproductive religiosity does not need to be applied to other countries. Singapore, for example, know-how did not find any connection between the religiosity of buddhists and what attitude to sexuality. Z, 18% for millennials, 21% for generation x, and 26% for baby boomers when they existed at the same age. A 2016 barna and impact 360 survey of 1,500 americans aged thirteen and older shows that atheists and agnostics were 21% in generation z, 15% in millennials, 13% in generation x, and 9% among baby boomers. Gen z was 59% christian (including catholic), 65% millennial, 65% gen x, and 75% baby boomer. 41% of teenagers believed that the doctrine and the bible are fundamentally contradictory, while 27% sided with science and 17% chose religion. By comparison, 45% of millennials, 34% of gen xers, and 29% of baby boomers thought such a conflict existed. 31% of generation z believe that doctrine and religion belong to different aspects of reality, along with millennials and generation x (30% each) and more than baby boomers (25%). 28% of generation z believe that doctrine and religion complement each other, compared to 25% of millennials, 36% of generation x and 45% of baby boomers.[388] At all times, religion complements each other. Drops in northern us and western europe but grows in other environments.[389] according to a pew research center survey last year, 29% of muslims, 27% of hindus, 26% of christians, 24% of non-religious and 23% of buddhists were between the ages of 15 and 29.[390] this year the median age for muslims was 23, hindus 26, christians 30, buddhists and non-religious people 34, and jews 36. As an example, the average age of the world population in 2018 was 28 years. 2.6, and muslims 2.9. Islam is a very fast growing religion in the world[389], primarily due to the younger age of muslims and higher birth rates.[391] Between the late 1990s and early 2000s religious attendance plummeted. 40% throughout england, excluding london, where 57% of christians existed at the age of two decades. Indeed, secularization is also slowing down in other european cities with substantial migrant populations, such as amsterdam, brussels, malmö, marseille and paris.[5] A study conducted in 2017 by pew research center for 70 countries found that between 2010 and 2015, among respectable people aged 15 to 29, the number of non-religious people increased by 23%, muslims by 0.3, and christians lost 0.7% due to conversion or change of religion . Specifically, the unaffiliated gained eight million people, the muslims half a million, and the christians lost nine million due to the change of religion.[392] Social trends Social circles In march 2014, the pew research center published a report on what it takes for “millennials in adulthood” to be “de-institutionalized and in contact with followers.” Millennials are somewhat more optimistic than older adults about america's future, the report says: 49% of millennials say the country's best years are ahead of them, even though they are the best in the modern era with new levels of student loan debt and unemployment. 393][394] Gooting behavior In many countries since the mid-twentieth century, citizens have increasingly sought out partners of the same socioeconomic status and educational achievement. The phenomenon of preferring partners with characteristics similar to one's own is known as assortative mating. The most significant of the reasons for the growing economic and educational assortative mating was the economic nature. Innovations that became commercially available at the end of the last century, like the washing machine and frozen food, reduced the number of hours people could spend money on building space, which reduced the importance of home skills. Moreover, by the beginning of the 2000s, it was less possible for a couple, in which one of the spouses had no more than a secondary education, to earn about the national average; on the other hand, couples, each of whom had at least a bachelor's degree, could actually count on the fact that they would earn many times more than somewhere in russia. There was no doubt that we had a clear economic incentive to look for a mate with an equally advanced degree in order to maximize our potential income.[396] another incentive for this kind of assortative mating lies in the future of the offspring. Since the middle of the past century, people have increasingly wanted smart and well-educated babies, and marrying smart people who earn a lot of money for bread is of great importance in order to achieve this goal. Couples, at the very beginning of the twenty-first century, tend to hold egalitarian, but not traditional, views on gender roles. Modern marriage is more about companionship, but not through earning a living for a guy and running a household for a woman.[397] the american and chinese models all often decide whether or not to marry according to trusted personal tastes, rather than through familial, social, or religious expectations.[397][4] As of as of 2016, millennials were married.[398] According to china's national bureau of statistics, the number of gamers who got married for the first time increased from 23.8000000 in 2013. To thirteen.9 million last year, i.E. 41% drop. However, the marriage rate continued to decline, at 6.6 per 1,000 individuals, which is currently 33% lower on the market than in 2013. These trends are due to several reasons. The policy of one of your children, introduced in 1979, has reduced the diversity of young people in china. On top of that, the traditional preference for sons leads to a marked gender imbalance; as of 2021, there are more than 30 million „surplus“ men in china.[4] In the 1990s, the chinese government carried out higher education reform to expand the insignificant many of them, women, have higher education. Consequently, many young women are now in paid service and financially secure. Traditional views of gender roles dictate that women should be responsible for building and looking after their offspring, regardless of their employment status.Discrimination against women at work (with families) has become a trivial phenomenon; for example, an employer might be more skeptical of a married woman with one child, with fear that she might have a little one (since the one-toddler policy was abolished in 2016) and take more maternity leave. In general, interesting girls have fewer incentives to marry.[4] For young chinese lecturers entirely, the cost of living, especially the cost of housing in large cities, is a serious problem. An obstacle to marriage. In addition, chinese millennials are less interested in marriage than their predecessors due to cultural changes.[4] In her article for the atlantic this year, kate julian reported that among countries , the sexual behavior of their people, in australia, finland, japan, the netherlands, sweden, the united kingdom, and the united states, there has been a widespread decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse among teenagers and students. Although cavers disagree on the methodology of data analysis, they slightly think that young people today are less sexually active than their elders, such as baby boomers, when they were their age. And this despite the fact that online dating sites provide casual sex, widespread availability of contraception, and a softening of attitudes towards sex outside of marriage.[11] A 2020 study written in the journal of medical association (jama) researchers from indiana university in america and the karolinska institute in sweden, suddenly found that during the first two decades of the twenty-first century, young americans had sexual intercourse less frequently than in days gone by. Among men aged eighteen to 24, the proportion of those who are sexually inactive increased from 18.9% between 2000 and 2002 to 30.9% between 2016 and 2018. Women between the ages of eighteen and 34 were also less likely to have sex. The reasons for this trend are manifold. Citizens who were unemployed worked only a modest day's work, and students generally refused sexual experience, just as those who had higher earnings were more strict in choosing a life partner. Psychologist jean twenge, who was not involved in the analysis, suggested that this may be due to „a broader cultural tendency towards developmental delay,“ which means postponing various adult activities. She noted that economic dependence on parents prevents sexual intercourse. Other researchers noted that the spread of the internet, computer games, and social media could also play a role, as older and married couples were also less likely to have sex. In short, people had many options. A 2019 study by the london school of hygiene & tropical medicine found a similar trend in the united kingdom. While this trend predates the covid-19 pandemic, fear of infection likely fuels the trend going forward, study co-author peter ueda told reuters.[401] found that about 47% of american adults believe that dating has become quite difficult in the last year or so, the moment after 19% said it is much easier, and 33% tend to think that it is the same. The majority of men (65%) and ladies (43%) agreed that the #metoo movement creates problems for the dating market, while 24% and 38% respectively believe that it does not matter. In general, one in two single adults is not looking for a romantic relationship. Among many others, 10% were only interested in casual relationships, 14% only wanted long-term relationships, and 26% were open to any variety. Among young girls and boys (from eighteen to 39 years old), 27% wanted only serious relationships, 15% - only casual dates, and 58% - any type of relationship. For those aged 18 to 49, the top reasons for deciding to avoid dating were having more important life priorities (61%), preferring to be alone (41%), being too busy (29%), and being pessimistic about their chances of being lucky (24%). [403] In the hour that most americans found their romantic partners through family and family, younger generations were more likely to encounter them online than older people. At the same time, 21% of people aged 18 to 29 and 15% of people aged thirty to 49 said that they got to know all their partners in this way. By comparison, only 8% of those aged 50 to 64 and 5% of those aged 65 and over did it all. Older people from 18 to 29 years old usually met their current partners at school, at the same time as parents - in the age range of 50 years old and after that they met their customers more often at the workplace.Among persons in the age group from 18 to 29 years, 41% were single, in particular 51% of the stronger sex and 32% of women. Among persons in the age group from 30 to 49 years, 23% were single, in particular 27% of the stronger sex and 19% of women. This reflects the general trend of generations, according to which men marry later and die before ladies.[403] Most single people, regardless of whether they are interested in dating or not, at all did not feel the pressure at first sight of their friends and besides the family in search of a romantic partner. However, younger people were under high pressure compared to the average or older age groups. 53% of bachelors and spinsters aged 18 to 29 thought they were under pressure from society anyway to find a partner, compared to 42% of people aged 30 to 49, 32% of seniors generations from 50 to 64 ages and 21% among people aged 50 to 64 years.[402] Family life and offspring According to the brookings institution, the number of american mothers who by no means married has risen sharply since 1968, when they were extremely rare. , And 2008, when information became much more common, especially among the less educated. In particular, in 2008, the proportion of mothers who never married with at least 16 years of education was 3.3% compared to 20.1% who did not complete high school. Unplanned pregnancies were also higher among less educated people.[404] A 2014 urban institute study found that if trendy trends continue, millennials will have fewer marriages over generational competitors. , Predicting that by age 40, 31% of millennial women will remain single, about twice as many as their single generation x counterparts. The data showed similar trends for gentlemen. A pew research study conducted today has shown that millennials delay a series of activities that are rites of passage into a mature existence, and evidence shows that young people aged 18-34 are more likely to live with their parents than with a person in a relationship, which is an unprecedented case since the beginning of the accumulation of data in 1880. Also showed a significant increase in the proportion of the younger generation living with their parents compared to the previous demographic cohort, generation x: 23% of young adults aged 18–34 living with relatives in 2000 increased to 32% in 2014. In 2000, 43% of people aged 18-34 were married or living with a person, but in 2014 this figure fell to 32%. High student debt is described as one of the reasons for continuing to practice with parents, but feasibly does not become a dominant factor. For a similar shift, the data show, the trend is stronger for travelers, each of us has a higher education. Richard fry, senior economist at pew research, said of millennials, „they are the group most likely to live with their own parents,“ stating further that such measures are more focused on occupations, careers and jobs and less scattered on generating new families. Girls or partners and children.„ Respondents do not plan to have children. The researchers compared surveys of wharton alumni in 1992 and 2012. In 1992, 78% of women planned to eventually have children, but in the twelfth year their number decreased to 42%. The results were similar for male students. The study found that among both sexes, the proportion of students who reported and did end up planning to have children was cut in half over a generation. In early spring 2020, quest reported how in belgium 11% of women and 16% of men aged 25% to 35% do not want to have children, and in the netherlands 10% of 30-year-old women surveyed have decided not to have children. Allergic or have more children.[7] this year's survey found that among 191 swedish female beauty aficionados aged 20 greens to 50 years old, 39 were not fathers so as not to want to have babies in the future (20.4%). Desire to have more) children cannot be associated with education level, country of birth, sexual orientation or marital status. Some swedish men „passively“ prefer not to have children, precisely because they feel that their everyday life is already good, because it does not bring children into the abyss and because they do not face the same social pressure to have children, what is carried out voluntarily by childless women. .[8] But as their economic prospects improve, most millennials in the us say they are thinking about marriage, children, and a country mansion.[153] geopolitical analyst peter zeihan argued that due to the size of the millennial cohort compared to the population of america and the fault of having small children, the united states will continue to have an economic advantage over most other developed countries, whose millennial cohorts are not only smaller than their elders, however, so that they do not have such a high fertility rate. A country's prospects are limited by its demographics.[9] psychologist jean twenge, along with her colleague, analyzed data from the general social survey of 40,000 americans over 30 years of age and beyond between the 1970s and 2010s, and believe that socioeconomic status (determined by factors such as income, degree education and professional prestige), marriage, and happiness are positively correlated, and these relationships do not always depend on cohort or age. But information cannot tell whether marriage brings happiness or vice versa; correlation does not imply causation.[412][413] In the united states, between the late 1970s and the late 2010s, the proportion of people who were married declined among the lowest class (from 60% to 33%) or middle class (from 84% to 66%), but remained stable among the high class (~80%). In fact, it was the lower and middle classes that were driving down the marriage rate in america.[414] among americans aged 25 to 39, the number of divorces per 1,000 married people fell from 30 to 24 between 1990 and 2015. As an example, among persons of the older generation for half a century and after, the number of divorces has decreased from 5 in 1990 to ten three years ago; among persons aged 40 to 49, the rate increased from eighteen to twenty-one per 1,000 in a family union[415]. In general, education level is a predictor of marriage and income. University graduates are more likely to start families, but less likely to divorce.[414][415] Demographer and futurist mark mccrindle proposed the name „generation alpha“ (or generation α \displaystyle \alpha ) for the descendants of most millennials ,[416] people born after generation z,[417] noting that scientific disciplines often switch to the greek alphabet after the latin alphabet has been exhausted.[417] to date, the combined number of american millennial women who have given birth once has reached 17.3 million buyers and sellers.[418] around two and a half million generation alpha people are born every week worldwide, and it is estimated that by 2025 their number will reach two billion[419]. However, most of the population growth in the 2010s has been in africa and asia, as countries in europe and america tend not to have enough children to replace themselves. According to the united nations, global annual growth rates have steadily declined since the end of the last century, falling to about one percent in 2019. They also suddenly realized that fertility rates in developing countries were declining faster than previously thought, and subsequently revised their projection of the number of individuals in 2050 to fall to 9.7 billion people.[6] fertility rates are declining around the world thanks to improved quality of life, better access to contraceptives, and improved educational and economic opportunities. The average global fertility rate was 2-4 in 2017, up from 4.7 in 1950.[420] The effects of intensified assortative mating (discussed in the previous section) are likely to become noticeable in another generation, since the income of mature people and the level of yo are positively correlated with the success of children. In america, children from families with the highest income projections tend to live with married parents (94% last year), followed by children from the middle class (74%) and toddlers from the bottom quintile (35%).[ 414] Living in the digital age, millennial parents have taken a large number of photos of their beloved babies and have chosen both digital storage (such as dropbox) and physical photo albums to contain their memories.[421 ] Attitudes in the workplace In 2008, writer ron alsop called millennials „trophy kids“[218]. This phrase reflects the trend in competitive sports and many other aspects of life, where mere participation is often enough to be rewarded. It has been reported that this is an ambush in a corporate setting.[218] many employers are concerned that millennials have high expectations for services[422]. Some research predicts that they will actually change jobs frequently, taking on many more jobs than gen xers, because of their high expectations.Psychologist gene twenge reports evidence that there are differences between older and younger millennials in terms of workplace expectations, while younger millennials are “more hands-on” and more attracted to industries with a regular job and are more likely to say that ready to work overtime. The young millennial is credited with growing up after the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Feedback from supervisors” to become a major point of differentiation.[425] many studies show that millennials associate job satisfaction with flexible information flow, strong ties to supervisors, and more rapid feedback.[425] hershutter and epstein, researchers at emory university, say many of these traits are due to millennials moving closer to the educational circuit on the cusp of academic reform, which has created a noticeably more structured educational system. Some argue that after these reforms, including the no child left behind act, millennials are increasingly turning to mentors and counselors for help, resulting in 66% of millennials looking for a smooth work environment.[426] Herschatter and epstein emphasize the growing importance of work-life balance here. Studies show that almost a third of students consider “balancing personal and expert life” as a key principle [426]. A brain drain study shows that nearly 9 in 10 millennials place a high value on work-life balance, and additional surveys show that a generation prioritizes family values over corporate values.[426] research also shows a preference for a balance between craft and personal life, which contrasts with the practice-oriented attitude of baby boomers.[425] and generation x. Researchers at the university of missouri and the university of tennessee conducted a study based on measurement equivalence to determine whether such a difference actually exists.[427] the review included 1,860 participants who completed the multidimensional work ethic profile (mwep), a survey focused on measuring identification with work ethic characteristics, over a 12-year period from 1996 to 2008.[427] the results of the study demonstrate that the main difference: regarding work ethic emerged between the last few generational cohorts, generation x and millennials, with relatively little difference between the two generations and their predecessors, the baby boomers.[427] A meta-study by scientists from george washington university and the us army behavioral and social science research institute questions the validity of job differences across generations. According to the researchers, disagreements about what should be included when asking for generational cohorts, as well as differing responses about what age ranges to have in each generational category, are the main reasons for their skepticism.[428] an analysis of 20 research reports on the three job-related factors of job satisfaction, organizational bias, and boring job intention found that any differences were too small to discount the effects of tenure and individual aging from interest.[428] new research shows that millennials move for the same reasons other generations do, namely more money and a more innovative work environment. They are eager for versatility and flexibility on the construction site and strive for a strong balance between business and personal life in the work they love[429] and have developed the same career aspirations as other generations, valuing the financial security, anonymity and diversity of the workplace as well like some older colleagues.[ 430] The data also suggests that millennials are moving into the public service sector. In 2010, myers and sadagiani published a study in the journal of marketing and psychology looking at increased participation in the universe corps and the american corps because of millennials, with volunteering moving at an all-time high percentage. Volunteer work between 2007 and 2008 shows that the millennial age group has nearly quadrupled in size compared to the general population, consistent with a survey of 130 college high school students showing an emphasis on altruism in their upbringing. According to harvard university's policy institute, this has led to jobs that six out of ten millennials consider a career in public service. Responsibility, according to the 2013 national society of senior scholars (nshss) reviews and the 2011 universum survey. Thanks to which it is shown that the choice is made by the action, in companies that contribute to the improvement of society. The change in millennial attitudes has led to 64% of millennials agreeing to a 50% rate cut to pursue a career in line with their passions, and banks have fallen out of favor all because banks make up 40% of the generation’s least loved brands. .[431] The use of digital technologies Mark prensky coined the term “digital native” in 2001 to describe students in school, explaining what it's like the first generations that grew up on this new technology.”[15 in his 2007 book connecting to the internet. A generation: why higher education professionals need to remember today's students, authors reinol junco and jeanne mastrodikasa have expanded the work of william strauss and neil howe to include research-based insights into millennial personality profiles. Especially when it comes to further education. They conducted a study of college students with a large sample (7705 people). They realized that net generation college students born in 1982 and later often interacted with respected parents and used technology more than other generations. In their survey, they realized that 97% of these students have a pc, 94% have a cell phone, and 56% have an mp3 player. They also noticed that students talked with other parents approximately 1.5 times a day on a wide variety of topics. Other survey results by junco and mastrodicasa showed that 76% of students used instant messaging, 92% of them announced multitasking in instant messaging, 40% of them used television to have a significant portion of their news, and 34% of students surveyed used the internet in role of their distinctive news source.[432][433] One of the most proven forms of media use by millennials is social media. Millennials are using social media sites like facebook and twitter to create a different sense of belonging, greetings, and staying in touch with friends.[434] in 2010, a study was published in the elon journal of undergraduate research stating that all people who used social media and decided to quit had the same withdrawal symptoms that a stimulant addict would have.[435] pbs frontline's 2014 episode „generation like“ discusses the millennial generation, their addiction to technology, and how to commodify social media. Some millennials enjoy watching hundreds of cable tv channels. However, a number of other millennials do not even have a tv, and therefore they watch media via the web using phones and other gadgets[437]. Jesse singal of new york magazine argues that this technology has caused generational splits; mature members of the millennial society, defined here as those born at the end of the last century and earlier, came of age before phones became widely used and became available, different from young millennials born in 1989 and later, who were exposed to such technology at a young age[ 424]. ] A 2015 study found that the incidence of myopia has doubled in the united kingdom over the past 50 years. Ophthalmologist steve schallhorn, chairman of the optical express international medical advisory board, noted that research points to a link between regular use of portable gadgets and eye strain. The american optometrists association sounded the alarm in its spirit.[438] according to the spokesman, digital eye strain, or computer vision syndrome, is „running rampant, especially as humanity moves to smaller devices and the role of technology in our daily lives increases.“ Symptoms include dry and irritated eyes, fatigue, eye strain, blurred vision, trouble focusing, and headaches. However, the syndrome does not cause loss of vision or specific other irreversible damage. To reduce or prevent eye strain, the vision consultation recommends that people limit screen time, take frequent breaks, adjust screen brightness, change background color from bright to gray, increase text size, and blink more often[439].1980s portal1990s portalsociety portalgeneration 9xgeneration snowflake, little emperor syndrome and strawberry generationsampo generationbig tribe links